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point called the Bulwarks. A friendly birch tree, stunted and 

 wind-worn, served the admirable purpose of a peg whereon to 

 hang a diagram, the result of the united labours of Mr. Niblett 

 and Mr. Moore, architect of Gloucester ; and with this excellent 

 plan of the earthworks before him, the former read a paper on 

 Haresfield Beacon and its entrenchments, of which the following 

 is a summary. 



" The line of the Cotteswolds was defended by a series of earth- 

 works running parallel with the course of the Severn, these were 

 considered to be the camps expressly named by Tacitus as having 

 been constructed by Ostorius Scapula. The party were now 

 standing at the east end of one of these camps, on the vallum 

 known as the Bulwarks, thrown up as a defence against a hostile 

 force advancing along the plain of Brodbro green from the east. 

 The north and south sides being sufficiently precipitous, appear 

 to have been undefended by any earthworks. This was the 

 British or pre-Roman portion of the camp, and was about thirty- 

 three acres in extent. The westernmost portion, at the Beacon 

 end, was subsequently fortified by the Romans, and was of 

 smaller extent, about ten acres only ; this was attributed to the 

 fact that the Romans always required a smaller space than the 

 British, being unhampered by impediments in the shape of wives 

 and cattle ; whereas the latter had their wives and children with 

 them, and in time of war drove up their cattle fi'om the rich 

 vales below for protection. At the Roman end there were the 

 usual strong earthworks, and the four gates corresponding to the 

 points of the compass. The tent which they passed on the way 

 was situated at the north gate, as it leads directly to a never- 

 failing well or spring, the head of the village brook. Just below 

 where they were standing was another spring, feeder of another 

 brook, with a distinct cattle path leading to it from the British 

 camp. At the south entrance to the Roman camp and inside, a 

 crock was founil {1837j, containing from two to three thousand 

 Assaria or brass Roman coins, of the time of the Constautines, 



