311 



derive their syllable " ham" from the same root as this German 

 word, as having been once on a time boggy or marshy localities. 



LAN, OR LLAN, 



Means an enclosure, a level open si:)ace. In Gaelic it is " Lann ;" 

 in Kymric " Llan," without any difierence of meaning. 



LEYS. 



"Ley" or "Lea" means land laid up in grass, grass-land, 

 pasturage. In Anglo-Saxon, " Leag" or " Leah ;" in Dutch, 

 "Ledig," "Lag," i.e., empty, fallow. "Leys" are forest-pastures 

 for horses, open forest glades. The word is probably connected 

 with the German " Lage," in the sense of a couch, or lair, or bed. 

 " LcEsu" is Anglo-Saxon for pasture, and " leaseowes" is a name 

 for a pasture in some parts of England. Whether " Lea" is 

 connected with the same root as the Greek xil^u, which means to 

 trickle like water, or with ^t/^iiy, a water-meadow, may be 

 uncertain. 



STOKE. 



English, " stock ;" Anglo-Saxon, " Stoc," a stick, and " stician" 

 to stick, or stick in. In German, "stock" means a stick ; so also 

 it does in the Scandinavian, whence " Stockholm," i.e., the holm 

 defended by a stockade from attacks by sea. The " stokes" around 

 Bath seem to mean hills standing up, e.g., Northstoke, Southstoke, 

 &c. And in Gaelic, " Stuaic" is a little hill. In- German, 

 " steigen" is to climb, to step up ; and it is doubtless connected 

 with the Greek <rr«/x"», and the Sanscrit " stigh ;" also with the 

 Latin fastigium, ve-stig-ium, &c. 



TON. 



This syllable supplies a sort of test, enabling us to distinguish 

 Anglo-Saxon settlements. " Tynan" is the Anglo-Saxon for to 

 " enclose ;" and " Ton" originally meant an enclosure, a farmhouse, 

 the nucleus of a village. The word is found in many cognate 

 languages, e.g., Icelandic, Frisian, &c. From the idea of enclosing, 

 or hedging in, comes the Gaelic meaning of bushes, thickets, hedges, 

 in the substantives "torn," " tuim." 



