14 



it together, and adding chopped straw, makes a very tenacious 

 concrete. Among the Moors, large boxes are used for making 

 masses of this concrete. The ancient walls of Tangier 

 appear to have been thus built. (See " Urquhart's Pillars of 

 Hercules," vol. ii., ch. 6.) 



3. — The form of the Cold Harbour Villa seems to have 

 been similar to that of other Villas found around Bath, and 

 was probably oblong, like that at North Wraxall. Not many, 

 however, of these Villas have been completely excavated, 

 some portions, as at Newton, having been previously destroyed. 

 The most perfect lately uncovered is that at North Wraxall, 

 described by Mr. Poulet Scrope, in the " Wilts Magazine," 

 vol. vii., p. 59, where plans and drawings are given. This 

 appeared never to have been disturbed since the day of its 

 destruction. The Villa was an oblong building, containing 

 an ambulatory and 13 or 14 chambers, with the hypo- 

 causts and bath entire. A stone wall inclosed the garden or 

 compound within which the Villa stood, and the well was 

 found within it. Beyond this were out-buildings, probably 

 for farm purposes ; these also were encompassed by a wall, 

 and the burying place of the family was found a little 

 further removed from the dwelling. Much gratitude is due 

 to Mr. Scrope for the care he took in the excavation, and for 

 the careful record he has left of its results. During the time 

 the excavations were in progress, during the year 1859, this 

 Club paid several visits to the spot, and noted the particulars, 

 in which they were much assisted by the kindness of the 

 rector of the parish, the Kev. Mr. Christie. 



A great many Roman Villas have been excavated in this 

 country, and careful plans made of their arrangement. They 

 are very varied in plan, but, I think, may be reduced to three 

 typical forms : — 



1. — The three sides of a square, and built round a central 

 court ; of this the one uncovered at Wellow is an example. 



