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in order to hold out inducements, not only to the owner 

 hiraselfj but to his wife also, for passing her time there. 

 The younger Phny (Lib ii., Ep. xvii.), in describing his 

 Laurentine Villa, which he praises as being well adapted 

 for all piu'poses of use and convenience — but (as Professor 

 Daubeney obseiTes, "Roman Husbandry," p. 47) "according to 

 the ideas of that period, neither sumptuous nor extravagant — 

 details a suite of apartments of such extent as impresses us 

 with an exalted notion of Roman luxury. Those who 

 would follow out this subject will find ample information in 

 Mr. Castle's beautiful work, " The Villas of the Ancients," 

 or by refen-ing to Pliny's Epistle. But it is rather with the 

 Villa as described by Columella that we have to do, because 

 his description will better suit the class of Villas chscovered 

 in this country ; only in his pages we have a description of a 

 complete and well-appointed Villa, or, as we should say, a first 

 class country house, whereas many of the Villas in this island, 

 and the one in particular now under consideration, were small. 

 The Villa was divided into three parts — 



I. The Urbana, which contained the apartments of the 

 proprietor. 



II. The Bustica, for the farm labourers. 



III. The Fructuaria, for the farm produce. 



The probable ground plan may be seen in Mr. Castle's work, 

 and in Dr. Daubeney' s. The Villas in this neighbourhood 

 which come nearest to this description are those at Wellow, at 

 Woodchester, and at Lydney, where we trace what we should 

 now call farm premises, as well as the owner's residence. 



The Urbana was divided into winter and summer apart 

 ments, which accords with our finding a certain portion 

 warmed by the hypocaust, and another part without it. 



The 'pars Rustica consisted, first of kitchen, which being 

 the general resort of the slaves, was to be lofty and spacious, 

 and it is supposed that the smoke ascended through openings 



