62 
Pyrus aucuparia Gaertn.(—Rowan, or Mountain-ash). The galls are 
blisters on the leaves, projecting chiefly below, but more notice- 
able on upper surface, at first as small yellow spots, which in- 
crease in size, and finally become brown and wrinkled; below 
they are dull yellowish green. The space between the upper and 
and lower surfaces is hollow, and is nearly filled with interlaced 
threads, among which live numbers of mites =Phytoptus (=Typh- 
lodromus Pyri Scheut ?). The patches are not large individually, 
but are usually very numerous on a leaf, and produce an appear- 
ance not unlike some forms of skin disease (¢.g. Eczema). They 
are common in July and August at Parkhill, Denmore, Hazel- 
head, Banchory, Braes of Gight, &e. ; 
Pyrus Aria L. (White Beam-tree). On the leaves occur galls quite like 
those just described as occurring on P. aucuparia ; they are pro- 
bably the work of the same species of mite, Phyptoptus. They 
were abundant on a small tree in Rubislaw Quarries in August. 
Crataegus Oxyacantha L. (= Hawthorn or White thorn). Here 
and there the margins of the leaves are rolled downwards and 
thickened, forming pale greenish yellow tubes lined with hairs 
among which live mites, = Phytoptus (= Erineum Ozyacanthe 
Am.) These galls are not uncommon at Banchory and elsewhere. 
Nat. OrnD. UMBELLIFERZ. 
Pimpinella Saxifraga L, (= Burnet-Saxifrage) inflated seeds. One or both 
seeds become inflated, rounded, and about 4 inch diameter; they 
are smooth, green, thin walled, and contain a large cell in which 
lives one (or more) larva of Cecidomyia (Asphondylia) Pimpinelle 
Léw. Usually several occur in each umbel, and are very readily 
detected ; they occur during the months of August and Septem- 
ber. I have found them at Braes of Gight and at Banchory in 
abundance. 
Heracleum Sphondylium L. (= Cow Parsnip). The segments of the 
young root- or stem-leaves remain folded and somewhat distorted, 
but without further change, and in hollows near the chief vein ~ 
live several white larvae of Cecidomyia Heraclei Kalt? The galls? 
are not uncommon at Muchalls, near Old Aberdeen, &c., during 
the summer. P 
Nat. OrD. RUBIACER. 
Galium verum LL. (= Lady’s Bed-straw). There are several distinct 
forms of galls on this plant, most of them common. 
A. Galls of Cecidomyia Galii, Winn. occur on the stems about the 
nodes, usually in groups of three or more, forming pretty large 
masses, from the midst of which leaves, flower-buds, &c., fre- 
quently grow ; separate galls are $ — 4 inch in diameter, and are 
rounded, flattened, or somewhat irregular ; externally they are 
yellowish green, or pink, smooth and shining as if greasy; when 
mature they split open irregularly, but the mark is apparent 
some time before; their substance is soft externally and rather 
loose, a denser dark green layer surrounding the cell which is 
small; each is tenanted by one or two orange larvae. The galls 
are common everywhere, especially in dry spots, throughout 
summer, 
B. The galls occur singly in the axils or form a mass at the end of 
the stems in which the individual galls are indistinguishable. 
They are readily distinguished from A. by their smaller size, dull 
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