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stem and branches in a mass, about 1 — } inch across, but} with- 
out checking their growth; when terminal, they are much larger 
(up to 14 x Linch), and consist of a mass of stunted and deformed 
branches, leaves, flower stalks, flowers, and fruit; they are green, 
but bear a whitish pubescence; they are fleshy, and enclose nume- 
rous cells, each occupied by a deep orange larva of Cecidomyia 
Galii, Winn. I have found the galls in August, in hedges, at 
Kettock’s Mill beside the Don, and also near Banchory. 
B. The leaves, especially towards the apex of the stem are affected 
and become circinate, or involute on one or both sides, forming 
irregular tubes, which have a blistered look, and are yellowish 
green externally; internally they are nearly naked, and are ten- | 
anted by numerous individuals of Phytoptus. The diseased plants 
have a look about them readily recognisable even from some 
distance. I have found these galls in abundance near Muchalls, 
in August. 
Galium saxatile L. (= Heath Bedstraw). 
A. These galls resemble E., on G. verum on a smaller scale, being 
flower buds or fruits swollen or inflated (1; — i; inch), and tenanteil 
by Phytoptus in small numbers. Occurred sparingly on Murcar 
Links in August. I have found galled leaves, as on G. Aparine 
(B.), rather common in Orkney, and near Glasgow, but I have not 
yet detected them in Dee. 
B. Very similar to a. in appearance, size, and internal structure, but 
is tenanted by one or more orange larve of Cecidomyia, instead of 
by mites. It occurs in the same locality as A. 
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Nat. OrD. VALERIANER. 
Valeriana officinalis L. (= Valerian). The galls resemble those on Rubus, 
the midribs of the leaves and leaflets being twisted and thickened, 
and the leaflets continuing crowded together, with their margins 
at the base slightly involute and thickened, and pale yellowish 
grcen in colour, about and within the bases of the leaflets live 
several white larvae of Cecidomyia. They can spring two or three 
inches when touched. The galls occurred in the end of June riear 
Stonehaven, and also beside the Don near Aberdeen. 
Nat. Orp. ComMposiTa. 
Centaurea nigra L. (= Black Knapweed). Galls of Trypeta solstitialis, L.; 
they are deformities of the ovary, and are very hard and woody 
irregularly oval, about i inch, brownish, and densely covered 
with short white hairs, enclosing a cell which is wider below, and 
opens by a small hole at the upper end. Each is tenanted by one 
larva, about we inch, truncated in front, strongly ringed and 
white, save the first two segments, which are horny and dark 
brown. The flies are easily reared in confinement. Usually only 
one or two galls occur in each flowerhead, and cause no change 
in the appearance of the head. They are most easily detected by 
squeezing the heads between one’s finger and thumb. They 
occur commonly beside the Dee at Banchory, in August, but I 
have not found them elsewhere in the district. 
Achillea Ptarmica L. (= Sneezewort Yarrow). 
a. Galls terminal, consisting of an abortive and distorted flower 
shoot, and forming a rounded mass, } — #inch across, reddish 
grey and woolly-looking, and half sunk among a circle of leaves; 
