69 
irregular, but the fleshy walls are eaten by the larva till at last 
only a thin shell is left, through which it eats its way, and goes 
underground to spin up. The galls on S. fragilis are usually 
naked, rather rough, and bright red above, paler below; those on 
S. alba are usually hairy below and pale green above. These 
galls are common in the district almost wherever the plants grow. 
Salix caprea L. (= Common Sallow or Sauch) A., galls of Cryptocampus 
Saliceti Fall. = C. mucronatus Hart. They are swellings of the leaf 
stalks (usually in their basal half), which become nearly twice 
their proper thickness. The galls are usually oval, tapering at 
both ends, about 3 inch long, and their surface is smooth, green, 
and shining; the sides are thick and rather hard, and the cavity 
is small and irregular at first, but is enlarged by the walls being 
eaten away by the inmate. I have seen these galls only on one 
bush in Glen Gairn in August. 
B. Galls of Nematus gallicola, Westw. and Steph., like those on the 
leaves of Salix fragilis, but smaller, green, and projecting rather 
less from the leaf. I found them at Fyvie in July, but they are 
not very common. 
C. Galls of Nematus pedunculi, Hart. These galls are round, 4;¢ inch 
in diameter, attached to the midrib below, but appearing on the 
upper surface of the leaf; the surface is nearly naked, or is thinly 
covered with short whitish hairs, and is red or green in colour; 
the walls are fleshy, and when the larva is mature the gall isa 
mere shell containing a cell filled with frass. They are common 
in Glen Gairn in August. 
D. Twiggalls of Cecidomyia salicina, Schrk? They are }-3Xi-3 inch, 
naked, slightly ridged longitudinally, and brown (when dry). On 
section they are found to be chiefly composed of a swelling of the 
pith, in which there are numerous oval cells, each tenanted by 
one larva. They occur occasionally near Aberdeen. 
E. ‘ Rosette galls,’ the work of Cecidomyia Rosaria, Léw probably, but 
I have not succeeded in rearing the maker. The galls are situated 
at the ends of the branches, and consist of a bud, the leaves of 
which remain sessile and crowded, forming a conspicuous rosette 
an inch or more across. On section there is found to be a cavity 
in the heart of the gall, filled almost with hairs, amongst which 
lives one or more larvw. They occur in August near Aberdeen. 
F. consist of masses grouped together along the midrib, and are a 
development from the midrib and chief veins; they are rarely 
separate, but when they are so they are conical, the base project- 
ing very slightly on the upper surface, the apex below, 7s-} inch 
in diameter, sparsely haired, dark green above, pale green below; 
walls hard and woody, enclosing a cell which opens at the apex to 
allow the escape of the larva when mature. The maker is per- 
haps Cecidomyia Capree Winn. The galls are common. 
G. Galls of Cecidomyia Capree Winn. They are small bodies scattered 
over the blade of the leaf usually on the side veins, sometimes in 
considerable numbers; they are conical (about 7s inch in diameter), 
the base appearing on the upper surface, the apex projecting 
below; colour, pale yellowish green; walls hard and woody, 
enclosing a very small cell, tenanted by one larva. The galls 
occur rather commonly in Glen Gairn in August. 
H. Galls of Phytoptus. They are scattered irregularly over the surface 
of the leaf, from which they project as irregularly rounded masses 
ye-zs inch in diameter, deep red, naked, and covered with small 
