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size, become globular, and readily fall off the leaf. They are 
smooth, naked, green (becoming paler), and are thin walled. They 
are common in Parkhill woods. The insects pass the winter in 
the galls, from which they emerge next summer. 
G. Galls of Dryophanta divisa Hart. Like the last, they are attached 
to the side veins on the lower surface, but they occur singly, 
though each leaf usually bears several. They are flattened spheres 
4 to } inch in diameter, light green, yellowish, or reddish, smooth, 
or slightly warty. The walls are hard and woody, but thin. These 
galls are common almost wherever oaks occur. 
H. Galls of Andricus curvator, Hart. They occur in the lamina (on 
the mid rib or side veins), or on the leaf stalk, in which case they 
usually remain attached to the branch when the leaves fall; when 
in the lamina, they project on both surfaces. They are irregularly 
rounded, about + inch across, smooth, and yellowish-green above, 
deeper green below. The walls are hard and woody, retaining 
their form when dried, but they are rather thin. They contain an 
inner gall about the size and form of a whin-seed, brown, and 
very thin walled; it is rather loosely attached to some point on 
the outer gall. Sometimes two, or more, of these galls are united, 
and they then have a common cell, in which are two, or more, 
inner galls. The larve live in the inner galls ; the insects emerge 
in July. These galls are common in many places in this district, 
Muchalls, Banchory, Ballater, Parkhill, &c. 
1. Galls of Neuroterus numismatis L. (= N. Reaumuri Hart). Com- 
monly known as ‘Silkbutton galls’. They are situated on the 
lower surface of the leaf, often in large numbers. They are round, 
about }-} inch across, flat, depressed in the centre, and are covered 
with adpressed silky brown hair, so that they closely resemble a 
small, silk-covered buttou. They contain a central cell, in which 
the larva lives, and in which it undergoes its metamorphoses, after 
the galls fall from the leaf. They are abundant in autumn at 
Banchory, Parkhill, Inverury, &c. 
J. Galls of Newroterus lenticularis Ol. (= N. Malpighii Hart.) known 
as ‘Oak Spangles’ from their form. They occur sometimes in 
immense numbers on the lower surface of the oak leaves. They 
are round disks at first, very flat, with only a small raised knob 
in the middle of the exposed surface; they gradually become 
thicker, and during the winter, when living on the ground, their 
thickness is nearly = half their diameter (} X xs inch). They are 
attached to the leaf by a very narrow pedicel, and fall off when 
mature. Thesurface next the leaf is smooth; the other surface is 
eovered with tufts of short, rusty pubescence. The galls are 
abundant wherever oaks occur in the district. 
K. Galls of Spathogaster baccarum L. ‘Currant-galls’. They are 
globular, about ¢ inch in diameter, attached to the lower surface 
of the leaf, projecting slightly above also, or to the catkins, in 
which case they look like a bunch of white currants. They are 
smooth, naked, semi-transparent, green, or red in part or entirely. 
The walls are very thick and fleshy ; the wall of the cell is 
hardly distinct from the general substance of the gall. These 
galls appear in May, and the insects emerge in June and July, 
after which the galls shrivel up and drop off. They are abundant 
at Muchalls, near Aberdeen, Banchory, Parkhill, &c., &c. 
L. Galls of Spathogaster vesicatrix, Schlechtendal. These galls are sunk 
in the substance of the leaf, at first forming merely a round disk 
