78 
thickened, fleshy, and yellowish-red, afterwards becoming black ; 
each is occupied by one orange larva. Frequently a great part of 
the pinnules on a pinna are attacked. These galls are common in 
August in various piaces round Aberdeen. 
Athyrium filix-foemina Bernh. ) The galls on these species are identical 
Nephrodium filix-mas Rich. in structure, being fronds that continue 
circinate, the pinnae never expanding, so that they form balls 4 
to 2 inches in diameter. In the centre of the ball the tip of the 
frond is found to form a black decaying mass, in which live one or 
more larvee of a species of Anthomyia(?) but I am not aware that 
the fly has yet been reared. I have found these pseudo-galls 
abundant at Parkhill, and also near Stonehaven, from June till 
October. 
Mr. Roy tells me that he has seen specimens of the following galls on 
Deeside, but I have not myself met with them yet :— 
Rhododendron ferrugineum L. The galls occur either singly on the 
leaves, or in groups at the apex of a branch; they are fleshy, 
smooth, about the size of a raspberry, and bright red in colour. 
On section they are found to consist of a spongy white substance. 
Maker unknown. I should be obliged for specimens from anyone 
who may find it in the district. 
Quercus Robur L. Galls of Neuroterus fumipennis Hart ?—‘ Smooth 
Spangles.’ In situation, size, and form, they resemble the com- 
mon ‘Oak-spangles,’ the galls of Newroterus lenticularis Ol. (vide 
supra, J.), but are easily distinguished by their being smooth and 
naked, bright green when below the leaf, red when (rarely) on the 
upper surface; when dried they’ become purple. They seldom 
occur in any number on a leaf. 
GALL-MAKERS IN ‘ DEE.’ 
The makers of the galls described in the fore-going paper belong to 
the following groups of Articulata :— 
Order I. InsEcTA— 
Hymenoptera. 
a. Chalcididee (only genus, Isosoma). 
b. Cynipidee (Gall-flies). 
c. Tenthredinide (Saw-flies). 
Diptera 
d. Cecidomyide (Gall-midges). 
e. Trypetide. 
Coleoptera 
f. Curculionids (Weevils). 
Homoptera 
g. Aphidze (Green flies). 
Order IIT. ARACHNIDA— 
Acarida 
Phytoptus, Duj. 
CHALOCIDID Z— 
Isosoma galls on Triticum repens, and on T. junceum. 
CYNIPIDA— 
Cynips (Dryophanta) divisa Hart, on Quercus robur L. (Oak) gall G. 
C. (Aphilothrix) gemme L, C. 
C. Kollari Hart 
Biorhiza renum Hart 
»” ” ”? 
8 
. 
y 
7 ?? >»? F. 
” »”» ” 
a — =. 
