36 
swollen, reaching 8 or 9 mm. in diameter. They never open, but 
remain of a rounded or ovate form. All parts of the bud become 
thick and fleshy, the outer sepals usually enlarging more than the 
inner. The sepals remain green, or they may be reddish-brown 
in part. The apical half of the petals is visible, of a dull purple- 
red colour, with a border of the usual shade. The orange-red 
larvae lie between all parts of the flower-bud, there being often as 
many as 20 or 30 ina bud. They pass into the ground to pupate. 
These galls were very common in June, 1882, and again in 1883, 
in damp places on Scotston Moor, near Aberdeen ; usually from 
2 to 6 of the lower buds in each inflorescence were galled. Mr. 
Peter Inchbald has recorded in the “ Entcmologist” his finding 
these galls in England in 1882, and again in 1883. 
VIOLA LUTEA Huds.—The margins of the leaves are rolled 
spirally upwards and inwards, usually along the whole length of 
the leaf, sometimes alony only a part of the leaf on one side. 
The tube thus formed may reach 1mm. in diameter. On trans- 
verse section there are found to be 2 or 24 turns in the spiral. 
The galled portion is rather fleshy in texture, and the surface is 
somewhat uneven, and is paler green than the rest of the leaf, but 
the gall is very inconspicuous. In the tube lie several mites of 
the genus Phytoptus. 
I have met with these galls on a hill beside Glen Callater, in 
Aberdeenshire, at 2000 feet above the sea, and on Ben Lawers, in 
Perthshire, at 3500 feet above the sea ; in both cases in autumn, 
1882. Dr. Fr. Thomas (Nova Acta Leop. Carol. Akad xxxviil., 
p. 282), has described similar galls on V. silvestris from Germany 
and from the Tyrol, where I have myself found the latter gall 
aear Salzburg. 
CERASTIUM TRIVIALB Lk | 0” these tvo plants, as 
has been indeed already noted in this magazine (vod. iv., ~ 13), 
under the former plant, on which especially they abound, one 
finds pseudo-galls formed of short and stunted shoots, the leaves 
of which remain more or less closely imbricated and semi-con- 
duplicated, fleshy, and yellowish-green in colour. They are the 
work of a species of Aphis, named Brachycolus Stellarie Hardy. 
The galls are found on the plants above-mentioned during the 
summer; but in autumn the insects migrate to different grasses. 
I have found them on Aolcus mollis and on Agvostis alba near 
Aberdeen, and on these they form similar pseudo-galls. These 
Aphides are widely distributed on the Continent of Europe, and 
oye ee 
