44 
made up of oval thin-walled cells, lying so that their long axis is 
at right angles to the surfaces. Usually about 9 layers of cells 
can be made out between the epiderms, those in the middle 
usually being rounder and smaller than the others. There is no 
distinction recognisable into palissade cells and loose layers, and 
the interspaces, though numerous, are all small and nearly equal. 
The fibro-vascular bundles lie in a row in the middle layers of the 
leaf, and are hardly at all altered in the galls. One can usually 
distinguish a mid-rib, and on each side of this two lateral bundles ; 
and between the five large are several smaller bundles. 
The galls differ from the above in structure almost solely in the 
mesophyll, of which only a part may be altered, or the gall may 
extend the full breadth of the leaf. At times the galls reach 
15mm. in breadth, but they are in general considerably smaller. 
On making a transverse section of a gall, one finds the cells of the 
mesophyll much elongated and irregular in form, assuming the 
type known as branched parenchyma, so that large intercellular 
spaces are formed. In these spaces lie numerous “ worms,” which 
I was able; after examining all stages and both sexes, to refer to 
the genus Tylenchus of Bastian, but they differ from any species 
of which I can find descriptions in Bastian’s Monograph on the 
Anguillidae (Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xxv). The epiderms of the 
galls have fewer stomata in proportion, and their cells are hardly 
so regular as in the healthy leaf. The galls are abundant on the 
coast of Kincardine all summer and autumn. 
VERONICA OFFICINALIS L. :— 
Flowerbuds galled by Cecidomyia (? Veronica Bremi), quite 
similar to those already described by me (Sc. (Vat. iv., 170) on 
V. Serpyllifolia. The buds swell to twice or thrice their normal 
size, and remain unopened or open but slightly. They may be 
rather pale green, or the petals may show slightly and of the 
usual colour. The parts of the flower become slightly thickened _ 
and fleshy, and remain abortive, at least in function. The larve, 
yellow or orange in colour, live between them; and one finds 
cocoons in the galls occasionally. I have these galls from Bourtie 
in Aberdeenshire, found in the end of August 1883. The galls 
on V. Serpyllifolia are rather common near Aberdeen. 
PEDICULARIS' SYLVATICA:\L. :— 
Galls of mites (Phytoptus sp.) sometimes are very numerous 
towards the tips of the shoots; in some plants distorting almost 
every leaf on at least the upper half of the stem, in others being 
confined to only a few of the upper leaves, rarely occurring on 
