24 
In the callosity on the root of the Spanish chestnut above 
described, there is no appearance of any adventitious buds on 
its outer surface, though possibly there may have been some when 
the swelling first commenced. Nor are there any separate 
nodules to be seen like those in a knaur-- each having its own 
centre and its own concentric circles of woody layers; but 
the whole callosity is as one large nodule, the woody layers 
being all concentric round the axis of the root itself. 
From these circumstances it may be inferred that the 
monstrous growth in question was not due to the same cause 
that knaurs are, but that more probably it had a pathological 
origin, all the roots on the side of the tree that was dying being 
alike unhealthy, and indicating constitutional derangement. 
The two accompanying photographs represent the callosity— 
one entire, the other in section. 
A Fact in connection with the Vobster Inversion. By Rrv. 
H. H. Winwoop, F.G.S. 
(Read February 15th, 1882.) 
So much has been written upon the remarkable geology of the 
district immediately north of the Mendip Hills, especially upon 
that part lying between Holcombe, or Nettlebridge on the west, 
and Mells and Frome on the east, that an apology seems due from 
me to the Members of the Bath Natural History and Antiquarian 
Field Club for venturing to bring the subject before them again. 
Independently, however, of the ever-increasing interest which arises 
from the study of the causes which had a share in the formation 
of our so-called “ everlasting” hills, a peculiar interest is felt by 
the geologist in trying to read the enigma and to unravel the com- 
plications which present themselves in studying the abnormal 
‘conditions of certain rock masses of the district in question. 
And if a fact can be established in connection herewith tending to 
the support of one theory or another, it is right that that fact should 
