oe —. 
311 
spores produce in germination a second order of spores, and these 
again, sometimes, a third. It is probable that where the spores 
are not concatenate new spores are formed at the tips of the old 
sporophores as fast as the ripe spores drop off, and that thus the 
dusty mass of spores arises which a single plant often produces. 
Besides this form of fruit, many species possess closed conceptacles 
producing minute spores of a totally different character to the 
former. Tulasne has named these Pyenidia; they may be 
readily found on the leaves of the garden Anemone, which are 
infested by AXcidium quadrifidum, and they generally occur on 
the opposite side of the leaf to that infested by the cups of the 
AKcidium. In Restelia the peridium is elongate, and the spores 
are dispersed on the bursting, or laceration, of the peridia. All 
the species constitute pretty objects for the microscope ; they are 
popularly called cluster-cups. 
Linneus remarks (De Usu Musc., 1766, c. II. xx.) that “ When 
we contemplate the wonders of nature we cannot but be roused 
to an acknowledgement of the great goodness of the Deity who 
has presented to our eyes, even in the most’ minute matters, such 
numerous proofs of wisdom that any one who is desirous of 
acquiring knowledge has materials before him sufficient for the 
study of a whole life, and even then he can scarcely attain to a 
superficial acquaintance with His works.” The instances of 
Cystopus, as its history has been explored by De Bary, and 
Tilletia by Tulasne, as well as the amount of investigation 
exhibited by both in tracing the connection of the various Fungi 
of different Orders, hitherto so considered, demonstrate fully the 
truth of Linnceus’s remark, and offer to anyone wanting amusement 
or occupation, a rich field for study attainable in a very limited 
space. And the beautiful illlustrations of the Messrs. Tulasne 
show what room there is for the display of artistic drawing in 
delineating the microscopic beauties of the structure of the lowest 
class of vegetables. 
