VOL. XV. (2) KOREA 105 
KOREA 
BY 
W. R. CARLES, C.M.G., F.L.S8., F.R.G.S. 
(Read December 6th, 1904.) 
The area of Korea is a little larger than that of England, 
Scotland and Wales, and its’extreme length from north to 
south is about 600 miles. The east coast is somewhat 
destitute of harbours, with the exception of Broughton 
Bay, which is a fine sheltered position, and the tide has a 
rise and fall of only a few inches. The west coast and the 
south are much broken into by inlets and arms of the sea. 
Fusan and Masanpo on the south, Mokpo and Keumsan 
in the south-west, Chemulpo, Chenampo, and Yongampo 
on the north-west, are all capable of development. But 
enormous mud-flats, extending far out into the shallow 
Yellow Sea, prejudice Chemulpo, which is also handi- 
capped by a 36-foot rise and fall of tide. 
The whole country is mountainous, especially in the 
northern half. The east coast is fringed by a range 
of mountains, which leave but a few miles of lowlands 
between their steep face and the sea. On the west and 
south the mountains descend more gradually, and allow of 
a succession of beautiful valleys, cut by rivers, many 
of which are navigable for some little distance. But 
the only great river of the country is the Yalu or Amnok. 
This forms the frontier between China and Korea. On 
