106 PROCEEDINGS COTTESWOLD CLUB 1905 
the east the frontier-line is completed by the Tumen 
River, the left bank of which, for the last eight miles, 
is Russian territory. 
In all maps of Korea a mountain range is figured as 
forming a continuous line along the east coast. I am 
inclined to believe that further exploration will show that 
this is not the case, but that the mountains in Korea, as in 
China, and the island of Kiu Siu, have a general south-west 
and north-east direction, and that instead of the mountains 
in the south-east of Korea having a south-east and north- 
west direction, they are composed of a number of parallel 
chains, whose direction is south-west to north-east. 
Mr Rein, in his excellent work on Japan, says that 
“three groups of rocks considerably predominate in Japan, 
viz., Plutonic rocks, especially granite; Volcanic rocks, 
principally trachyte or dolerite; and Palzozoic schists ; 
while on the other hand lime and sandstone, especially of 
the Mesozoic strata, are strikingly deficient. Often the 
old crystalline rocks are for long distances overlaid by 
very old schists and quartzite. Their strike in general 
follows the main direction of the islands from south-west 
to north-east. This older range reaches on the average-a 
height of 1000-1200 métres, and exceptionally of 2000 
métres and upwards. In some districts Mesozoic sand 
and limestone are found in connection with it. * * 
Volcanic masses break through and overlay all these 
rocks, and deposits exist in innumerable places. Often 
they fill up gaps between them, and appear to prevail for 
long distances, though frequently they form only the 
higher summits in the older mountains. 
The basis of the island (Kiu Siu) consists of granite, 
syenite, diorite, diabase and related kinds of rock. Now 
the granite, continuing for long distances, forms the pre- 
vailing rock ; then again it forms the foundation for thick 
strata of schist and sandstone.” 
