WOL. XV. (2) KOREA 107 
These remarks might almost equally well have been 
written on Korea. Granite, gneiss, micaceous schist, 
porphyry and greenstone are the prevailing rocks. Lime- 
stone is rare; the more recent rocks are still rarer. It is 
only in a few parts, and those of no great extent, that 
Tertiary rocks were discovered by Dr Gottsche. In his 
geological map of the country, crystalline rocks are shown 
as covering at least three-quarters of the whole.  Inter- 
spersed among them are patches of eruptive rocks, and on 
the north-west and south-east are considerable beds of 
Cambrian rock. Only four small fields of Tertiary rock 
appear, and these all in the northern half of the country. 
As is the case on much of the coast of China, the 
scarcity of lime is greatly felt, and is only in part met by 
the burning of the shells of oysters and other molluscs 
which abound on the coast. Chalk, as in China, is 
unknown ; and peat exists only, and that in small quantities 
and of inferior quality, in the north. 
No traces of glacial action have, I believe, been dis- 
covered; no active volcanoes remain, but large fields 
of lava of great depth are found throughout Korea, and 
extend far into Manchuria. 
Of the minerals, gold is found in many places, but, as is 
the case in North China, the working of it does not 
appear to be generally remunerative. Mines worked by 
an American Company paid in dividends last year about 
4 125,000, and other mines in the same province, which 
are well spoken of, are now being worked by the British- 
Korean Corporation. But most of the concessions granted 
to foreigners, though granted on liberal terms, have 
attracted but little capital. Of the gold exported, the 
greater part is obtained by the natives at washings, some 
of them licensed by the Government, and others unlicensed 
and illegal. The known export exceeds £500,000 annually, 
and is steadily increasing. There is also much gold which 
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