144 PROCEEDINGS COTTESWOLD CLUB 1905 
Western India such monuments are known as Palya, or 
“protective stones.” There is a very fine collection of 
them at a place called Bhavsari, in the neighbourhood 
of Poona. One has an urn at the top, and below five 
panels ornamented with carved pillars. One panel repre- 
sents a man lying dead with three cows above his body, 
showing that he was killed in a cattle-raid: above this is a 
representation of the hero with a spear, fighting two men 
armed with swords and shields; above is depicted the 
heaven of Siva, where the hero is being entertained by the 
celestial dancing girls.*. In the Kathiawar peninsula hardly 
a village is without a memorial of the Bhat and Charan 
minstrels, who were put in charge of treasure in the old 
troublous times, and were bound in honour to die if their 
convoy was plundered.* 
Similar stones, or in places where stones are not 
procurable, small masonry pillars are found all over the 
country erected in honour of the Suttees, or faithful wives, 
who used to die with their lords. On some is found 
a rude bas-relief showing the way in which the man 
met with his death ; in others the widow is shown holding 
the head of her husband while both lie on the funeral 
pyre; in others both are enjoying the delights of heaven. 
In Rajputana, particularly, these stone monuments, known 
as Chhatris, are objects of great architectural beauty. 
Near the capital of each State, in a secluded spot, are™ 
collections of cenotaphs in the form of pavilions, usually 
erected on the spot where cremation took place, in honour 
of the princes and their queens who died with them. The 
great collection of these memorials at Udaypur forms one 
of the most beautiful cemeteries to be found in any 
country. 
1 “Bombay Gazetteer,” xviii., part iii., 114 ff. 
2 Lbid., viii., 136 f. 
3 Fergusson, “ History of Indian and Eastern Architecture,” 470 ff. 
