196 PROCEEDINGS COTTESWOLD CLUB 1906 
EXCURSION TO HEREFORD 
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 5TH, 1905 
Directors: REV. H. E. GRINDLEY, M.A., and H. C. MOORE 
(Report by: W. THOMPSON.) 
Commencing with a Cathedral city (Bath) in the Spring, the 
Members brought the Summer season of 1905 to a close with an 
excursion to Hereford, which of course is happy in the possession 
of a Cathedral of very considerable interest. Those present were 
Rev. Walter Butt (President), Rev. H. H. Winwood, F.G.S. ( Vice- 
President), Mr A. S. Helps (Hon. Treasurer), Mr F. J. Cullis, F.G.S. 
(Hon. Librarian), Mr L. Richardson, F.G.S. (Hon. Secretary), 
Lieut.-Col. J. C. Duke, Dr E. W. Prevost, F.R.S.E., and Messrs 
W. Bishop, W. R. Carles, F.L.S., S. J. Coley, O. H. Fowler, 
J. W. Gray, F.G.S., J. N. Hobbs, G. W. Keeling, J. W. Skinner, 
Vv. A. Smith and W. Thompson. Dr C. G. Cullis, F.G.S., and 
Messrs E. T. Paris and Wainwright came as visitors. 
Arriving at Hereford the Members were driven in breaks to what 
is usually spoken of as a gravel-pit, but the ‘‘ gravel” appears to be 
a remainder of the Great Ice Age—a glacial moraine. It is situated 
about four miles from the city, a little off the road which conducts the 
traveller to Hay, and well in sight of the Black Mountains. The Rev. 
H. E. Grindley, who is responsible for this geological discovery, was 
Director of the party, and standing on the summit of the moraine he 
first described the physiographical features of the surrounding country. 
He said that at one time a large marsh stretched over much of the low- 
lying land, and even now it was known as Sugger’s Pool. The glacial 
bank on which they were standing extended in a south-westerly direction, 
and at seven miles off they found a similar gravel-pit, whilst the country 
was marked by a ridge, the subsoil of which was covered with 
Silurian rocks. The hills in the distance were composed of Old Red 
Sandstone, denudation having been checked by an outcrop of corn- 
stone. A quantity of striated stones had been found in the moraine, 
and the rocks, which seem to have been brought from the north-west, 
were the deposition of rivers coming out of a glacier. The party 
then descended to the base of the exposed deposit, and Mr Grindley 
pointed out that whereas in river gravel-beds they met with clear 
stratification, here the rocks, consisting of sand and gravel, were all 
piled together tumultuously. He should say that the strong proofs of 
this being a moraine were (1) the chaotic nature of the deposit, (2) 
many of the stones were smooth and polished in part, but not in the 
