VOL. XVI. (2) ORDINARY WINTER MEETINGS 99 
ORDINARY WINTER MEETINGS 
TUESDAY, November 12th, 1907 
W. R. CARLES, C.M.G., F.L.S., F.R.G.S., President, in the Chair. 
The following Lecture was given :— 
‘THE TEETH OF VERTEBRATES.” By S. H. Reynolds, M.A., 
£.G.S., Professor of Geology and Zoology in University 
College, Bristol. 
The Lecture was well illustrated by lantern-slides. 
It was shown that whereas teeth in highly-civilised men tended 
to decay and pass away, in other animals and in other men they lasted 
throughout life. The teeth were among the most interesting and im- 
portant parts of the body, and the study of such was facilitated by the 
frequency with which they occurred in the fossilised state. First 
dealing with the teeth of fishes, the lecturer pointed out that the 
scales of fishes were intimately connected with the teeth, the latter 
being an elaboration or development of the former. Sharks have an 
unlimited supply of teeth, which are fashioned for cutting like a saw, 
whereas those of the Ray are made for crushing. Illustrations of 
those strange extinct birds, the Archeopteryx and Ichthyornis, were 
shown, with the mouths well supplied with teeth. Then came 
the reptiles, snakes, and mammals, the latter yielding specimens 
of herbivorous and carnivorous feeding animals. _Whales were teeth- 
less, but in the young were teeth-germs, which never properly 
developed. In the same way whales had the vestiges of horny limbs 
imbedded in the flesh. An explanation was given of the structure of 
the teeth, and the illustrations of the teeth of the mastodon and 
elephant as known to-day enabled those present to grasp the functional 
arrangement of dentine, enamel, and cement. 
The Rev. A. R. Winnington-Ingram exhibited some geological 
specimens which he had obtained from the shores of Lough Neagh. 
The following were elected Members of the Club :—The Rey. 
Charles H. Davies, M.A., Oxon., C. Paget Hooker, L.R.C.P. and 
L.R.C.S., Edin., A. M. McAldowie, M.D., F.R.S. Edin., and A. 
Monies, A.M.I.C.E. : 
