FRINGILLID. 179 
bited at different periods, owing to the wearing off 
of the broad margins of the feathers. The male bird 
has the beak bluish black; irides brown; the head, 
neck, back and scapulars black, so broadly margined 
with rusty orange as scarcely to show the black; in 
the spring the margins quite wear off, especially from 
the head and neck, which are then black glossed with 
blue; rump white; tail-coverts black, margined with 
rusty; lesser wing-coverts rusty orange; greater 
black, tipped with rusty orange, forming a bar of 
that colour across the wing; quills dusky, very 
narrowly edged with light dull yellow, and with a 
small portion of white at the base of the outer web; 
tertials black, rather broadly margined with rusty 
orange; tail-feathers black, slightly edged with dull 
yellowish white (the outer feather on each side has 
a patch of dull white on the inner web); throat and 
breast rusty orange; belly and under tail-coverts 
white; flanks rusty orange and white, mixed with a 
few dull spots; legs, toes and claws light brown. 
The female has the head dull brown, the centres of 
the feathers nearly black, the nape dull bluish grey, 
on each side of which are two irregular patches of 
black ; a streak over the eye, cheeks and ear-coverts 
dull light brown, tinged with rusty; sides of the neck 
bluish grey; back dull light brown, tinged with rusty, 
the centres of the feathers nearly black; scapulars 
very dull rusty orange; rump and tail-coverts bluish 
grey dusky and white mixed; quills dusky, very 
