2 BUGS. 
The Hemiptera comprise the insects which are properly 
called bugs. This term, as commonly used, is applied to any- 
thing that creeps or crawls, but the entomologist always refers 
to a member of the order of Hemiptera when he speaks or writes 
of a bug. In the order are included such insects as true lice, 
bark-lice or scale insects, plant-lice, tree- or leaf-hoppers, stink- 
bugs, chinch-bugs, bed-bugs, electric-light bugs, and others. 
Many of these insects are very destructive, and annually cause 
heavy losses to the fruit-grower and to the farmer. Others are 
Fic. 1.—A heteropterous insect (Nezara Fic. 2.—A homopterous insect (Ormenis 
pennsylvanica De Geer), with crossed pruinosa Say); a, with wings expand- 
wings. Original. ed; 6, with folded wings. Original. 
beneficial, as they destroy numerous injurious insects, while still 
others, as the cochineal and lac insects, produce useful materials. 
The name Hemiptera, which has been selected for this order, 
has been derived from two Greek words: hem1, half; and pteron, 
wing. It was suggested by the form of the first pair of wings 
in the true bugs, where the basal half is thickened, resembling 
the wing-covers of beetles, and where the abrupt terminal half 
is quite different, being delicate and wing-like. The second pair 
of wings is thin and membranous; they are used for flight, 
and are folded beneath the first pair of wings when at rest. -The 
