BUGS, i 
upper pair of wings are frequently called wing-covers, or heme- 
lytra, a name suggested by their structure. 
The wing-covers furnish characters of importance in classifi- 
cation, and for this reason special names are given to the differ- 
ent parts. The thicker basal portion is composed of two pieces 
joined together at the sides; one of these, called the clavus, (cl.), 
is narrower, and is the part next to the scutellum when the wings 
are closed, Fig 5; the broader piece is the corium (co.). In some 
families a triangular piece of the terminal part of the corium 
is separated as a distinct piece, which is called the cuneus, (cu.) ; 
in other cases a narrow piece on the costal margin of the corium 
is separated, which has received the name embolium, (e.). The 
softer terminal portion of the wing-cover is called the mem- 
Fic. 5.—Venation of an upper wing of a heteropterousinsect. Original. 
brane, (m.). All wings are strengthened by veins, which have 
also received special names not necessary to mention in this 
report. 
There are a number of degraded forms of bugs, degenerated 
because leading a parasitic life. In these cases, as in the true 
lice and in the bed-bugs, the wings are not developed, nor would 
they be of much use to the insects. In fact they would be de- 
cidedly harmful in the case of the bed-bugs, who in sparsely 
populated regions, after leaving one host, would not be likely to 
be able to find another one. But in cities wings would be a 
great improvement for bed-bugs, though a step in the wrong 
direction as far as man is concerned! In some species of aquatic 
bugs we find adult individuals entirely unwinged, half winged, 
and with fully developed hemelytra and wings. 
