6 BUGS. 
many kinds which move about on branches and leaves of trees 
are set with numerous sharp thorns, sometimes in opposing 
rows; with them they transfix and hold their victims. In the 
tropics there are many forms in which the hind legs are not 
alone simply flattened, but are flattened to such an extent as to 
be transformed into veritable sails. 
“The head is either somewhat flat above and extended for- 
wards nearly in the plane of the thorax, with the eyes seated 
in or next the base; or it is spindle-shaped, long conical, or 
cylindrical, freely movable, with the eyes placed considerably in 
advance of the base. In most riparian forms the eyes stand out 
prominently from the corners of the broad forehead. The 
aquatic species have the eyes either deep-seated in the basal 
angles, or projecting like beads on the sides of the vertex. In 
the Corisz the head overlaps the front of the thorax like a cap, 
and is there attached by a slender neck, as in Diptera and dragon- 
flies. Strongly in contrast to all these we find in the principal 
Homoptera a head either transverse or vertical, deep-seated, im- 
mobile, and prolonged downwards and backwards. In such ex- 
ceptional groups as the Fulgoride, the front of the head is either 
drawn out into a large inflated protuberance, is curved forwards 
in a long, tapering horn, or it is shaped like an Indian war club. 
Two, or at most three, ocelli are generally present; but they 
are absent in certain groups. 
“The thorax constitutes a large portion of the mass of 
the body, and its first principal division is generally free, as in 
the Coleoptera. All three sections of this part of the body, the 
prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax are well distinguished, 
and are only“fused together in such low forms as Aleurodes, 
Aphide, Coccide, and the lice. 
“To these three pieces the legs are attached, not far out on 
the sides, as in Orthoptera and Pseudoneuroptera, but beneath, 
and generally near the middle line. They are fitted for running, 
jumping, grasping, or swimming; and are often provided with 
curious balancing plates, curved thorns, waved lamelle, or rows 
of spines. The coxe are also built upon two principal patterns ; 
the one being more or less conical and rotatory, the other more 
elongated, fixed, and only capable of motion in the direction of 
