8 : BUGS. 
municates exteriorly with an orifice placed behind or near the 
middle coxa, called the osteole, which generally issues in some 
kind of an open channel styled the osteolar canal, and this is 
surrounded by a more or less rugged and granulated space, the 
evaporating surface. The secretion is an ethereal oil variously 
combined, speedily dissipated in the atmosphere, and often hav- 
ing an odor similar to that of pears and other fruit. In some 
species of Coreidz it is decidedly aromatic, and in a few it has 
a spicy smell very much like that of cinnamon. 
“These organs appear to be absent from the Homoptera; 
but most Cicadas secrete a powdery substance, scales, or hairy 
patches from the under side of the body, while the Fulgoride 
become covered beneath and on the end of the abdomen with a 
cottony or fibrous white substance. Some of the Coccidz secrete 
wax or lac, and others various kinds of valuable dyes. The 
functions of nutrition are performed by a well-defined system 
of organs, of various forms, and often of remarkable complexity. 
Behind the mouth a short, distinct throat receives the fluid from 
two pairs of ducts connected with the salivary glands. From 
this the stomach is continued by an intestine-like tube, swollen 
in two or more places, until it reaches the vent. The first 
stomach, or gizzard, is a large, straight, frequently constricted 
glandular sac, narrowed behind into a long flexed or convoluted 
canal (duodenum), also glandular, and dilated posteriorly into 
the chylific stomach; this is often continued backwards as a 
slender intestine (ilium), emptying into a colon-like expansion 
that terminates with the corespondingly wide rectum. Both of 
the intestinal parts of this organism are sometimes reduced to 
mere peduncles of the three pouched dilatations. 
“Most of the eggs of the higher Heteroptera are ornamented 
with bands, or other patterns of color, and many of them are 
fluted, beaded, ribbed, ete. They are also capped by a toothed 
and movable lid, provided with a ligamentous spring to aid 
the emergence of the larva. (Some eggs are shown in the illus- 
trations showing the various stages of these insects.) The num- 
ber of eggs laid by a single female varies also, not only with the 
species, but in the individuals. Some have been known to lay 
as few as twenty-five eggs, while the female Cicada sometimes 
deposits more than five hundred. 
