SUB-ORDER HOMOPTERA. 97 
SUB-ORDER HOMOPTERA. 
(Cicadas; Tree-hoppers; Plant-lice; Scale-insects; and others). 
Prof. Uhler, our authority in this order of insects, writes 
that “this grand division of the order contains the greatest num- 
ber of large species, and the widest range of diversity in the 
forms of all stages. Comparatively few are destitute of wings, 
except in one sex of the lowest group; but some have these 
organs short and unfinished, and it is but very rarely that we meet 
with one of this kind fully winged. This division is also re- 
markable for the blunt face and backward pressed elements of 
the head and breast, thus carrying the rostrum far underneath. 
Both kinds of eyes are generally present; the compound ones 
being generally large and prominent, while the single ones, 
ocelli, are like little convex gems, placed between the larger eyes 
on the vertex or front; but occasionally, as in Fulgoride, on 
the sides of the cheeks between the latter and the antenne. There 
are usually two ocelli, although in Cicadide and most Psyllidz 
they are three in number and are placed in front, forming a 
triangle. The antenne are usually situated in the hollow be- 
tween the eyes and are composed of a few expanded joints at 
the base, with a tapering, slender, bristle-shaped termination. 
“Exceptions occur in Psyllide, Aphidide, and Coccide, 
where these organs are commonly filiform and somewhat thick- 
ened at the tip. 
“There are two principal types of legs in this division, al- 
though these are variously modified for particular modes of life, 
the one being adapted for crawling, the other for leaping. The 
former have short legs, generally stout; the latter have the hind 
legs long, often curved and set with rows of stiff spines.” 
The Homoptera have the upper wings of the same thickness 
throughout, (Fig. 2), and, when at rest, usually sloping like a 
roof over the sides of the body. There is no neck; this is so 
closely pressed to the thorax that usually the front coxe articu- 
late with the cheeks, so that in many forms the beak seems to 
Ss from between the legs. 
