118 SPITTLE-INSECTS OR FROG-HOPPERS. 
large size of the prothorax and increased freedom of the fore- 
legs. This extensive piece is no longer a mere cap or scale as 
in most of the Fulgoridz, nor yet a lid, case, or bubble-like ex- 
pansion as in the Membracidz, but is an important regional por- 
tion, exercising various important functions. Here the front of 
the head is generally prominent, in the form of a ridge, which is 
crossed each side bya series of more or less distinct grooves. There 
are two conspicuous ocelli placed on the vertex, far back. The 
prothorax is six-sided or trapezoidal, cut square off in front, and 
the triangular scutellum is of medium size. There is generally a 
Fic, 113,—Spittle insects, After Brehm. 
marked difference between the apical area and the other parts of 
the wing-covers, the former being membranous and sometimes 
transparent, while the remainder is thick and leathery, or crus- 
taceous. 
“The legs are generally stout, the hind pair being longer 
than the others, having the shanks armed exteriorly with one 
or two stout teeth, and the tip crowned with short, stout spines.” 
(Uhler). 
They agree, like the following family, with the Membracidze 
in having the antennz inserted in front of and between the eyes, 
