134 LEAF-HOPPERS. 
A solution of tobacco-soap in the proportion of two ounces 
of the soap to one gallon of water, and another one of one-half 
pound of whale-oil soap to the same amount of water was ap- 
plied, Mr. Reel, the owner of the vine-yard, reported on June 
1oth that neither had been of much use, and that even a few 
hours after the application but very little difference could be 
detected between plants treated and not treated. 
On July 3d another experiment was made with a tobacco 
extract sold as “Scabcura Sheep-dip.” This mixture was ap- 
plied with a knapsack sprayer in two different strengths; one 
row of vines was thoroughly sprayed using two ounces of the 
extract to one pailful of water, and another row was sprayed 
using four ounces of the extract. The effect was immediate, 
and at the end of two hours but very few of the pests could be 
seen on the plants. On Aug. 25th Mr. Reel reported as fol- 
lows: “I am pleased to be able to report that the grape-vines 
experimented upon show a much better foliage than the adjacent 
rows, although the hoppers appear on them to some extent; the 
foliage is not so badly browned. I am satisfied that by spraying 
in the spring, while the leaves are not too thick, it might drive 
them away. The stronger solution is by far the most effective 
one.” The action of this extract is almost wholly that of a 
repellant, and but few if any of the insects are killed. At the 
same time another test was made of the effectiveness of the 
kerosene and water spray against the leaf-hoppers which were 
at this season largely immature; three strengths were used, viz. 
1:10, 1:15, 1:20 of water, and besides spraying several rows of 
vines, leaves which were covered with insects were picked off 
and sprayed separately. It was found that when 1:20 was used 
it killed very few; 1:15 killed many of them; while 1:10 killed 
the great majority, but the difficulty of reaching all the leaves 
and spraying the whole vine was very great, as the foliage was 
at this time fully developed and very dense, and the insect in- 
variably hides on its underside. 
The above report shows that an extract made of tobacco 
and sold under the name “Scabcura Sheep-dip” proved of con- 
siderable value, and that if applied early in the season we possess 
in it the means of protecting our grapes. 
