LEAF-HOPPERS, ists) 
Prevention is always better than cure, and much can be 
done to prevent the undue increase of these insects. They winter 
in all kinds of rubbish found in and about the vine-yards and 
adjoining woods and fields. All such rubbish should be collected 
and burned after the first frosts have driven the insects into 
their winter quarters. By doing so many are killed by the fire, 
and still more are exposed to the inclemency of the winter and 
perish. This burning should be general, as the insects migrate 
to some distance to find suitable quarters for the winter; hence 
the rubbish or dead leaves in neighboring woods should also be 
burned. The neighbors should unite in this work because if 
one person in the midst of many vine-yards should neglect to 
do his duty, he can harbor enough of these insects to endanger 
all his neighbors’ vines. If mulching is used, this material will 
offer, as long as still fairly fresh, most excellent hiding places 
for these leaf-hoppers; and especial care should be taken to pre- 
vent them from utilizing such places for hibernation. This can 
be done in various ways, depending upon conditions; but every 
one recognizing this danger will doubtless find means to lessen 
or overcome the same. 
A number of other methods have been used with more or 
less good results. By attracting the winged insects with a light 
many can be destroyed; hence a brightly burning torch is slowly 
carried at night along the rows of vines, which are at the same 
time disturbed to alarm the leaf-hoppers. Another plan is to 
carry a shield covered with a sticky substance between the vines 
during the hottest part of the day, and thus catch the insects that 
have been driven off the plants by beating these lightly with a 
stick. 
SUB-FAMILY TETTIGONINA. 
(Leaf-hoppers). 
Members of this family are mostly small or medium sized 
insects with long and narrow bodies, although some resemble 
the short-bodied frog-hoppers described before. Many of them 
have an expanded face, with a prominent ridge in front. 
The exceptional genus Gypona, possessing plump propor- 
tions instead of a long and narrow body, occurs in a number of 
species in Minnesota. As a type the pea-green G. octolineata 
