PLANT LICE. aliays) 
“As these larve grow they become darker in color, assum- 
ing a deep red-brown, and finally almost black appearance, while 
the woolly substance develops thickly on the abdominal segments, 
and also somewhat on the meso- and meta-thorax, entirely hiding 
the insect, which thus appears like a ball of white down.” The 
pupz are similar in appearance to the larve, only a little larger 
and are provided with wing-pads. These, when they transform, 
disclose the winged form, which Prof. Osborn describes as fol- 
lows: 
“The winged form is when it first issues from the pupa, light 
reddish in color, the wings are very white, expanding rapidly, 
and becoming transparent, while the body gradually becomes 
darker till nearly black. The antenne are five-jointed, short; the 
tarsi are one-jointed with rudimentary first joint and with two 
ungues (claws). ‘The wings are four, folding rooflike over the 
body; the anterior ones being furnished with a strong sub-costal 
vein which is branched at one-third the distance from the base, 
the lower branch running parallel for some distance, then turning 
obliquely towards the posterior margin; also from this branch 
two oblique discoidal veins run to the posterior margin. The 
stigma is indistinct. The posterior wings have a subcostal vein 
with no branch veins. 
“The eggs seem to be laid, chiefly at least, by the apterous 
females, which are shown in the illustration at the left. She can 
be described as having the legs and antennz comparatively small ; 
the latter three-jointed, and the tarsi one-jointed and terminated 
as in the larva. During egg-laying her body is elongate 
pyriform, but afterwards and in the winter it is contracted to a 
flattened or globular form. 
“This insect continues to breed throughout the spring, sum- 
mer, and into early fall. The winged individuals do not appear 
to have been clearly determined as to sex, or definitely placed 
in the-economy of the species. Each and every form is provided 
with secretory glands, from which emanate the waxy filaments 
that cover their bodies. They are most abundant during the sea- 
son when the trees are making their new growths, and at that 
time are very active as larve and winged individuals. But few 
of the apterous females appear to be present when the winged 
ones are at their height, but appear more plentifully later. 
