182 PLANT LICE. 
means of these eggs the insect is carried through the winter, and 
the continuance of the species is insured for the following year. 
“As above stated, the insect begins its work just as soon 
as, or before the leaves appear in spring, with the viviparous 
agamous female, or stem mother. She becomes full grown in 
a few days, and begins the process of reproduction by ‘budding’ 
internally and expelling small lice of her kind, which in turn, 
after maturity, repeat the operation. The successive generations 
continue without interruption during spring and summer, some 
of them being furnished with wings, which enable them to mi- 
grate from place to place. In this manner new localities be- 
come infested, damp weather favoring and very dry weather 
retarding their excessive increase.” (Bruner). 
These lice are sometimes exceedingly numerous, and the 
large amount of honey-dew which frequently covers all the leaves 
of the box elder, is a very unpleasant sight, and at the same time 
injurious to the tree. Many ants may be seen constantly at 
work feeding upon this sweet liquid. Some of the different 
kinds of ants, not satisfied with “milking their cows,” even make 
the lice captives, carrying them down into their nests, where they 
feed them so as to be able to milk them at their leisure. 
The lice have many enemies, but they are not sufficient in 
numbers to entirely check their increase on the box elder, about 
the only tree that seems to thrive in our prairie villages, possibly, 
or rather, because it requires the least attention. 
Strong soap-suds sprayed upon the parts infested will kill 
most of the lice, but this has to be repeated from time to time. 
Kerosene emulsion is a much more certain remedy. 
The genus Callipterus has the smooth feelers about as long 
as the body, or even longer, eyes pale or bright red in color; beak 
very short, rarely reaching the second pair of coxz; honey-tubes 
short, sometimes almost on a level with the abdomen. The 
wings are deflexed in repose, frequently clouded with bands and 
spots; front-wings with the stigma short and much curved, often 
subhyaline. 
A number of species occur in our state; they occur on the 
red and burr oak, milkweeds, elm, birch, walnut, hickory and 
other trees and plants, but as none of them are of any economic 
importance, they have not been illustrated. They seem to be 
