222 SCALE-INSECTS, BARK-LICE, MEALY-BUGS. 
of motion as in the Diaspim, and before the falling of the leaves 
they migrate to the twigs and there fix themselves, generally on 
the under side. They feed as long as the sap flows, then become 
torpid and remain in this condition until spring. 
“At the opening of spring the eggs grow with great rapidity 
and distend the body, causing it to become convex, and soon the 
cottony mass first described makes its appearance.” (Smith). 
When at all numerous many kinds of trees and bushes are 
invaded, and the scales become numerous on the box elder, soft 
maple, hard maple, elm, poplar, apple, plum, grape-vine, and 
even on the pine. 
Remedies. 
“When this insect attacks shrubs, or vines or low trees, 
the infested twigs and branches may be cut off and destroyed 
by burning as soon as the cottony excretions are noticed on the 
females. Promptness is necessary here, the object being to de- 
stroy the females before the eggs begin to hatch. As, in my 
experience, the scales are attached toward the tips of the twigs 
and branches, this suggestion has a wide application even on 
shade trees, when the insect is not abnormally abundant. 
“Tf cutting is not feasible for any reason, the kerosene emul- 
sion should be resorted to. Experiments have shown that even 
a quite dilute mixture penetrates the cottony or waxy mass readily 
and will in most instances kill the adult female and all the young 
larve. It will not kill any of the eggs, however, and a second 
or even third application will be necessasry to destroy the young 
as they hatch. The kerosene emulsion for the above applica- 
tion may be diluted ten times. If one application only can 
be made the emulsion should be diluted with soap-suds, one 
pound of soap—preferably fish-oil—being dissolved in ten 
gallons of water. The application should be delayed until the 
larve begin to emerge, and should be very thorough. The 
object of using soap suds instead of clear water, is to mat the 
waxy mass containing the eggs and make it impenetrable to 
the larva when it escapes from the egg. By waiting until the 
young begin to appear the female scale will be found raised 
from the surface of the twig posteriorly, and the kerosene will 
penetrate readily. The young succumb easily, and those that 
