228 SCALE-INSECTS, BARK-LICE, MEAEY-BUGS. 
out a magnifying glass. The general appearance which they pre- 
sent is a grayish, very slightly roughened scurvy. deposit (Fig. 
182,a). The natural rich reddish color of the limbs of the peach 
and apple is quite obscured when these trees are thickly infested, 
and they have then every appearance of being coated with lime 
or ashes. When the scales are crushed by scraping a yellow- 
ish, oily liquid will appear, resulting from the crushing of the 
soft, yellow insects beneath the scales, and this will at once in- 
dicate to one who is not familiar with their appearance the ex- 
istence of healthy living scales on the trees. 
“They are easily scraped off with the finger nail, and the 
bark beneath them will be seen to be darker in color. The natural 
color of the bark is somewhat changed, as will be seen by com- 
paring the places from which the scales have been removed with 
the spots upon which the scales do not appear. The outlines of 
the removed scales will be noticed upon the bark, and the cir- 
cumference is frequently changed in color, becoming somewhat 
purplish. Where the scales do not occur so thickly, they are 
more perceptible, and upon young, reddish twigs the contrast is 
quite noticeable, as the scales there appear a light gray. The 
younger and smaller scales are darker in color than the older 
and larger ones, and sometimes appear quite black, while the 
still younger ones are yellowish. 
“During the winter the insect is to be found in the half- 
grown or nearly full-grown condition. The young begin to hatch 
and to crawl from under the female scales shortly after the trees 
leaf out, and from this time through the summer there is a con- 
stant succession of generations. 
“The young louse is an active, crawling creature, very 
minute and yellowish in color (Fig. 183,a). The young spread 
out upon the new growth of the tree, settle down, and each be- 
gins to secrete a scale, as shown in Fig. 183. During its travel- 
ling stage it possesses the characters shown in the illustration. 
The male is an active, two-winged insect, shown in Fig. 184. 
The full-grown female loses her legs and antennz, and bears a 
very slight resemblance to a living insect. It is shown in Fig. 
185,a. Fig. 185, b, shows the spinnerets. 
“The insect affects not only the young twigs and limbs, but 
is also found upon the leaves and upon the fruit. When abund- 
