236 SCALE-INSECTS, BARK-LICE, MEALY-BUGS. 
one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter, circular, with a dark-brown 
center. The male scale is about half as large, yellowish-white, 
with a dark spot at one end, and a small ridge running the length 
of the scale. These scales are often very closely crowded, and 
if very numerous may cause the death of the plant. 
The use of a stiff brush with soap and water, or a wash of 
kerosene-emulsion, are the most useful remedies. 
An illustration showing this peculiar scale will be found in 
Fig. 187, Plate X. 
Fig. 188.—Chionaspis furfurus Sign.: a, twig Fig.190.—ChAfonasjis americana 
infested by temale scales; b, with male Johnson: Male and female 
scales; c, temale; d, male scale, much en- scale, enlarged. Original. 
larged. After Div. of Entomology, LVep. of 
Agriculture. 
Chionaspis furfurus Sign. (The Scurfy Scale). 
This scale-insect is getting quite common in Minnesota, 
where it is sometimes found in large numbers on the branches of 
the apple tree. Fig. 188 shows both male and female scales, as 
well as the winged male. The female scale is oblong in form, 
pointed below, very flat, of a grayish-white color, and about one- 
tenth of an inch long. The male scale is very much smaller and 
narrower. ‘The numerous eggs found during the winter under 
the female scale are red or reddish-brown, and hatch early in 
spring. Scales are shown also on Plate XIV, Fig. 188. 
The same scale occurs also on the pear and the mountain 
ash. 
