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iron will suftice—and in the attic a sheet iron jacket may be placed around it, in which 
a light fire may be built, the heat of which will at once occasion the draft sought, and 
the air of the room below be rapidly changed as heretofore described. 
Fruit may be stored in such rooms in common barrels, which may be piled one upon 
another, when the vacant spaces will be ample for the circulation of air when needful 
for the purpose of ventilation or change ; or it may be stored in open bins, in which case — 
the bottoms should be of slats, with ventilating spaces between, and an open space left 
for the free passage of air between the bins and the floor, as well as between the bins. 
In the case of small lots, or of specimen fruits, they may be spread or placed in shallow 
piles, upon shelves or tables, so as to be open to convenient examination when desired. 
A large building of this character will be the more easily maintained at the proper 
temperature, since the greater bulk of air will vary in temperature more slowly in 
response to the changes without. 
In localities in which the winters are so steadily cold that there is liability of the 
temperature being reduced to the danger point without the opportunity to avoid it by 
renewal, the air may be introduced through an underground passage well below the frost 
line, and a change of air thus safely effected even in the coldest weather. 
Fruit exposed to a dry atmosphere is more or less inclined to shrivel and become 
tough and leathery, as well as to lose flavor. This is especially true of the Russets. 
For this reason a moist condition of the confined air is found preferable, since in such 
atmosphere fruit loses little if any of its moisture. 
The Michigan fruit shown at the opening of the Centennial Exposition at Phila- 
delphia in May, 1876, which at the time attracted unusual attention, had been largely 
kept in a building of this character. When placed upon the tables it had undergone so- 
little change that even the stems in most cases were still fresh and green. 
The freezing of apples does not occur till the temperature has fallen several degrees 
below the freezing point of water, nevertheless it is claimed that the best results are 
realised in temperatures somewhat above that point. : 
The more limited operations of farm orchardists, as well as the large class of smaller 
commercial growers, call for arrangements of less elaborate and expensive character than 
those already described. 
With the great majority of these the cellar is the chief reliance for the storage of 
long keeping fruits. This, however, can only be rendered satisfactory for the storage of 
winter fruits |'y devoting it wholly to such purpose, to the total exclusion of vegetables. 
and other articles liable to infect the confined air with foreign odors; and by such 
ventilating arrangements as shall suffice for the maintenance of the needful low and 
constant temperature. If preferred a portion only of the cellar may be devoted to such 
purpose, and partitioned off by a brick or stone wall, all the better if double. If located 
beneath rooms artificially warmed, precaution will be necessary against the transmission 
of warmth to the cellar below. 
The most convenient and effective device for the amateur or family to be devoted to 
the temporary storage of summer and autumn fruits, for ripening, testing and occasional 
retarding for short periods, would be a room, either within or separate from the residence, 
constructed upon the principles and (excepting the ice) with the fixtures already 
indicated, in which fruits can be placed either in packages or upon shelves, the latter 
being preferable, when the specimens are for testing, and which for that reason require 
frequent examination. 
To those, however, who provide for a supply of ice during the warm season, a. 
simple, small room or cupboard built within the ice house, with admission from without, 
through double docrs, will be found effective and satisfactory for the holding of summer 
fruits, the preservation of specimens for fairs, and other kindred purposes, as well as for 
the preservation of various domestic products. 
Mr. A. McD. Attan—I do not know of any subject that could more appropriately 
be brought before fruit growers and shippers than that on which President Lyon’s paper 
treats, and the points contained in the paper are those whieh it is absolutely essential 
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