the tools, or if it is necessary to use’ any acid or anything of that kind on them. It 
might be necessary if the pruning were done when the tree was in flow of sap, but our 
trimming is done early in the spring, if possible before the sap begins to flow. 
A MempBer.—Do you burn the trees as well as cut them out ? 
Mr. Taytor.—Our law requires the burning of the tree. The year we cut so many 
trees we were particular to pick up the fruit and give it to the pigs, but my orchard was 
so thickly planted that it was impossible to carry out the trees without brushing the 
other trees, so I left them until the fruit was picked, and then we destroyed trees and 
all. We did not take out the roots, however, until our fall work was finished, and then 
we dug out all the stumps. Where that is done there is no trouble at all. We regard 
the burning of the trees, after cutting, as an essential part of the work. 
A MemBer.—Would you plant new trees in the places where the old ones came out 
Mr. Taytor.—We have done that with good success, as far as any yellows were 
concerned ; there has been no effect as far as the yellows were concerned. You 
all know, however, that there is a difficulty in starting a young tree surrounded 
with old ones. If your trees are sixteen or eighteen feet apart the roots of the 
old trees so occupy the ground as to take the life out of the soil, and a young tree 
may fail the second year from causes entirely apart from the yellows ; that is the only 
difficulty we have had in that line. I know of perfectly healthy trees, bearing fruit, 
which were planted in places where other trees affected by yellows were taken out. 
Professor Panton.— What has been your experience in planting the pits of diseased 
peaches ? 
Mr. Taytor.—I have cracked many of them to see if there was anything there to 
grow ; I think when the fruit is thorougely diseased there is no meat in the pit to grow- 
Where a tree is diseased on only one side the pits of the fruit from the other side might 
grow, and it is just possible that if those pits were already infected with the virus of the 
yellows it might be injurious. 
A Memser.—At what season of the year do you plow in the buckwheat? 
Mr. Taytor.—There is a two-fold object in plowing under buckwheat, one is to 
get the vegetable matter under to fertilise the soil, and the other to counteract the 
working of the cut-worm. Buckwheat seems to be one of the crops the moth of the cut- 
worm does not like, and the more we sow buckwheat that way the less trouble we have 
with the cut-worm. 
A Memper.—Don’t you find that your late cultivation is very apt to induce a late 
growth, leaving your trees and buds in a tender condition for the winter, and so liable 
to winter-kill ? 
Mr. Taytor.—The error in peach cultivation is the other way. My experience is 
that the cultivation of a peach orchard ought to be late enough in the season so that the 
fruit buds will not ripen before about the middle of September. Stop cultivating in 
July, and on ordinary dry soils the leaves will show ripening in August and turn yellow. 
As the leaves ripen the fruit buds for next year begin to develop and show. Suppose 
we have a warm September, these fruit buds will enlarge all through the fall if it is. 
warm. Now if the growth is kept up on these trees until the lst of September, if it isa 
dry season especially, cultivation is desirable, and if they have fruit more desirable still, 
because the quantity of fruit and dryness of the soil will produce earlier ripening of the 
wood. After the wood is once ripened the nature of the peach, if the soil is warm 
enough, is to start again. A December like the present continued on through January 
would bring out peach buds on the lake shore altogether too early. We have had one 
such season since I have been on the shore in twenty years, when the peach blossomed 
on the 10th of April—the only season in the twenty years when the peach has blos- 
somed before the 10th of May. The trees did well enough, only the cold winds and 
rains of May stopped the growth of the tree and the fruit for a week or ten days. Then 
it came warm again, and the new growth threw off not only leaves but fruit that year. 
The damage done in that way induced a number of men to go to extremes in cultivation. 
If up to the middle of July we get continuous wet weather, let the cultivation be cautious 
