keep the trees in shape, and the fruit, especially that of the Bartletts, was remarkabl 
fine. At this time a part of the rahad was severely stricken with fire blight. In the 
outh-west corner of the orchard stood a large apple tree which was very badly diseased 
with twig blight, and to the north-east from the apple tree, across the pear orchard, 
nearly every tree was apparently almost rained with blight. We removed the apple 
tree and burned the diseased portion of it. From the pear trees we sawed off all the 
affected limbs below the discoloring of the bark and burned them. The trunks and 
remaining limbs of the trees then Teceived a coating of raw linseed oil. Similar treat- 
- ment was applied to the trees for the succeeding two. years, and that trouble disappeared 
_ until the past season. In this plot, eight years ago, the Bartlett, Flemish Beauty, and 
_ some of the other kinds were attacked with the Fusicladium, and for five years we did 
~ not find a single specimen from the Flemish Beauty that would be saleable. The Bart- 
lett pears were not quite so bad, but the trees suffered very much worse than the Flemish 
Beauty. The P&rtlett trees aufercd so severely that the limbs were nearly black and 
waxy to the touch from a gum-like substance that oozed out of them. Three years ago 
ast spring, before the pear trees were in leaf, we sprayed them with a solution of hypo- 
-sulphite of soda and water, using one pound of the sulphite in ten gallons of water, and 
pecontinuing the application every two weeks until the fruit was aihnit half grown. The 
~ Flemish Beauty was remarkably fine and free from blemish, and the Bartlett trees 
rallied up wonderfully, but bore very little fruit. The other kinds in the plot were free 
ccm fungus. The following spring “the trees received two applications of the sulphite, 
one before and the other soon after the trees were in leaf, and then we waited about five 
weeks, when the fungus was developing on part of the pears and some of the leaves, 
; ‘The pear trees forthwith received a spraying with the sulphite, and another in a few 
days, We could not discover any further development of the fungus. The Flemish 
_ Beanty pears were a fair crop of saleable fruit, while the Bartletts were an overloaded 
f petty of fair fruit, very many of the trees requiring props all around them. ‘The past 
season the sulphite was applied, and the pear trees were nearly free from fungus, but 
ost of the fruit was destroyed with the May frost. 
‘" Plot 4 contains ten acres of clay loam, and is located south of the ridge. It is 
_ sheltered from the north by an orchard of large apple trees, and on the other three sides 
by a wind break of Northern Spy apple trees “set one rod apart. Eight years ago last 
spring in this field there were planted 1,000 Bartlett pear trees. About 600,08 these 
_ trees are very promising, 160 are dead from several causes. Possibly 200 were black- 
hearted and had vigorous roots. Most of them had sprouts to grow just above where 
they were grafted, ‘but some only below, and from these sprouts, by cutting all of the 
diseased trunk off. we have tine, healthy trees. 
The pear trees are pruned lightly each year, and the bark slit down the trunk with 
_ a sharp knife. They receive a mulching every spring with coarse, barn-yard manure, 
and, in the fall, a liberal dressing with unleached ashes. The fruit is thinned out with a 
E of sheep shieard. The older orchards are summer fallowed, and the younger ones 
te ed’ for a hoed crop. The plowing around the trees is done with a one- horse reversible 
beam n plow. 
ne a 
pes trees. For a few years we found it necessary to cut off a part of the year’s growth, 
A Memper.—Are your orchards standards? 
Mr. McMicuae..—These are all standards; I have had no luck with dwarfs. 
A Memper.— How far apart do you plant them ? 
Mr. MoMicuaeu.—Those in the plot of 154 trees were seventeen feet, and in the 
- plot of 1,000 trees twenty feet apart each way. For five years we did not have any fine 
‘specimens on the Flemish Beauty. 
The Memper.—Have you tried spraying with Paris green ? 
Mr. McMicwart.—This past season I mixed hypo-sulphite of soda and Paris green, 
a o it seemed to have a double effect upon the leaves. I would not recommend the use 
of the two together. Two or three years ago I had the sulphite mixed up in a large 
3 (F. G.) 
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