54 
Mr. Bucxe.—How do you mix the two together ? 
Mr. Morpven.—I take a little Paris green and pour it in a flat vessel, moistening it 
with water before putting in the ammonia, because there is sometimes a little mucilaginous 
matter at the bottom and you can then get a better solution with the ammonia. The solu- 
tion is a bluish green. 
Mr. Beauyi.—I intended this spring to have used the ammoniacal solution spoken of 
for mildew on gooseberry bushes, with which I have been a good deal troubled and had I 
done so [ should have no doubt said it succeeded admirably, because this year I have not 
had one particle of mildew in any variety ; but I made only one very slight application of 
Paris green. The point I want to make is that we should not jump at conclusions too 
soon after making an experiment; it is something which requires a long experience and 
extended observation and the results should be ascertained very carefully and accurately. 
THE APPLE SCAB. 
The following paper on this subject was afterwards contributed by Mr. D. W. 
Beadle, of St. Catharines : 
Much loss has been sustained by the injuries caused by this fungus to many of our 
most popular apples, notably to the Snow apple, Northern Spy, Early Harvest, and 
others. The late John Croil stated that the loss to him was so serious as to amount to 
thousands of dollars. In former volumes of the Canadian Horticulturist attention was 
drawn to some experiments made with hypo-sulphite of soda which gave promise of our 
finding in that fungicide a remedy. Since then experiments have been made with other 
substances known to possess fungus destroying properties. An account is given in the 
bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station, of the State of Michigan, for April, 
1890, of some experiments made there by Mr. L. R. Taft, the horticulturist, the substance 
of which cannot fail to be deeply interesting to all of our orchardists. 
Twelve trees of the Northern Spy were chosen as the subjects of these experiments. 
The fungicides used were the following: (1) Potassium sulphide, but which of the 
sulphides is not stated ; (2) sodium hyposulphite; (3) a sulphur solution; (4) copper 
carbonate and ammonia; (5) modified eau celeste, composed of copper sulphate, car- 
bonate of soda and ammonia. Copper sulphate is popularly known as blue vitriol. Two 
trees each were sprayed with one of these five fungicides, and two were not sprayed at 
all. The spraying was done with the little climax pump made by the Nixon Nozzle 
and Machine Co., Drayton, Ohio. Care was taken to cover every leaf and fruit with a 
fine mist-like spray, using about three gallons to each tree. The time occupied was about 
ten minutes to a tree, but the report states that with a large Nixon or field pump not 
over three minutes would be needed for spraying a tree. The applications were first 
made on the 24th of May, 1889, and the second on June 6th, at which date there was no 
appearance of scab on the fruit, nor of injury to the foliage from any of the fungicides. 
On June 12th a third application was made, and at this time there was no appearance of 
scab or of injury from the use of the chemicals. The fourth spraying was given on the 
25th of June, and now the scab was visible on both the fruit and leaves of all the trees, 
also the leaves of the two trees sprayed with sodium hyposulphite were turning brown at 
the edges. July 6th the trees were sprayed a fifth time. At this and subsequent 
applications of the sodium hyposulphite the strength was reduced by the addition of two 
more gallons of water, and no further injury to the foliage was perceived. A sixth 
spraying was given July 24th when a slight increase was noticed in the size of the spots, 
and but very few new scab spots could be found. The seventh and last application was 
made August Ist, at which time no new spots were forming, and the spots that had 
formed were not spreading. 
There were frequent rains during the period covered by these experiments. Rain 
fell on May 29th and continued at intervals until June 4th, falling again on the night of 
June 6th and continuing lightly for the two following days, with frequent showers up to 
June 25th. There was no rain from that date until the 14th of July, but a steady rain 
