76 
around for a few moments, now fluttering, and anon gliding on motionless wing, 
settles down again in some sheltered spot where it sits opening and closing its 
wings, enjoying the balmy air and bright sunshine that once again awakens 
nature from her death-like sleep, to renewed life and activity. This is the well- 
known Antiopa butterfly, the “ Camberwell Beauty ” of the English entomologists. 
Antiopa passes the winter in any convenient shelter that it can find. Dr. Harris 
tells us that he has found it sticking to the rafters of a barn, and in the crevices 
of walls and stone heaps, huddling together in great numbers. Italso hibernates 
on the ground, clinging to the under surface of stones in dry situations. The 
female deposits her eggs in a cluster around a twig of elm, willow or poplar ; and 
until nearly full grown, the caterpillars keep together. The mature larva is black, 
thickly dotted with white giving it a grayish appearance. On top of the back isa 
row of eight brick-red spots, and the body is armed with a number of strong branch- 
ing spines. The first brood of caterpillars appears in June, the second in August, 
and the butterflies from the last brood hibernate. "The butterfly is dark maroon 
brown on the upper side of the wings, with a broad border of yellow, thickly 
dotted with brown ; on the inner side of this border there is a band of black, in 
which is set a row of blue spots ; the front edge of the wings is marked with fine 
yellow lines and two spots of the same colour. A variety is occasionally met with, 
in which the yellow border is unusually broad, and the dark band with the blue 
spots is wanting. 
If numerous enough to be troublesome, these caterpillars may be killed by 
shaking them off the branch on which they are congregated, and crushing them. 
This should be done while they are small, as when nearly full grown, they scatter 
over the trees and wander about in search of a suitable place in which to undergo 
their transformations. 
10. THE INTERROGATION BUTTERFLY, Grapta interrogationis, Fah, Order 
Lepidoptera, Family Nymphalide.—This is a dimorphic species, the hibernating 
form being known as Fabricii, the other as Umbrosa. Fig. 45 represents @. 
progne, a closely allied species. 
Farther to the south there are about four 
broods in a season, but with us only two, 
and while the last brood gives the pale form 
which hibernates, the other broods are more 
or less mixed, Fabricii has the upper surface 
fulvous, spotted with black and clouded with 
warm brown ; onthe hind wings the brown pre- 
dominates, the lighter colour being restricted 
to a patch on the upper angle, and a row of 
spots a little inside the outer edge ; the edges 
Fig. 45. 
of all the wings are light purplish blue. The front margin of the fore wings is 
convex, the tip cut squarely off, the outer margin concave. Hind wings tailed. 
Under surface marbled and clouded with various shades of brown and purple, and 
with an interrupted C. inthe middle. Umbrosa has the upper surface of the hind 
wings almost entirely black, the submarginal row of spots being absent, the fore 
wings are not so falcate, and the tail on the hind wings is shorter. 
“The young larvie are whitish yellow, somewhat marked with brown, head 
black. After the first moult their colour is black, more or less specked with white, 
and they begin to be clothed with short spines, all black except those on the 
eighth and tenth segments which are whitish. After the second moult they be- 
gin to assume the type they retain to maturity. The spines are in seven rows, 
fleshy at base, slender and many-branching at extremity ; the dorsal and first 
