a 
- 
103 
Stem Eetworm (7'ylenchus devastatria)—* Clover sickness” and “ Tulip, 
root” in oats are caused by small nematode worms. We have not so far observed 
these in Canada, but they have been studied in the United States and we should 
be on our guard, Some points in the life-history of the species are given in re- 
d to which some common-sense remedies are suggested, such as not planting 
a crop liable to attack upon infested ground. It is shown that several plants are 
injured by the worms and that they can survive the operation of digestion in 
animals fed on infested fodder. It is the same species which causes stem-sickness 
in clover and “ tulip-root ” in oats. Grain Aphis Siphonophora granaria, Kirby. 
Early maturing varieties of grain are recommended, The full life-history of this 
insect is still unknown. 
Dappy LoNGLEGs (7'ypule@).—These troublesome insects are treated at some 
length. Amongst measures to be taken to lessen the quantity of eggs laid, are 
mowing down coarse vegetation in places suitable for the females to lay eggs, and 
feeding sheep on infested pastures. Draining of low land and the use of quick- 
acting fertilisers are suggested. 
Hessian Fry (Cecidomyia destructor).—This well known pest has been 
specially studied by Miss Ormerod. The chief remedies are burning infested 
stubble and screenings, the selection of varieties least attacked, and the use of 
special fertilisers in the spring to strengthen injured plants. 
Wueat Mince (Cecidomyia tritici)—Deep plowing directly after harvest 
and the destruction of screenings seem to be the best remedies. 
Tarips (Thrips cerealvuwm).—Deep ploughing and clean farming are thought. 
to be the best remedies. 
WIREWoRMS (larvee of the Click Beetles)—* Wireworms may perhaps be said 
to do the greatest amount of mischief of any of our farm pests ; they destroy root 
grain and fodder crops.” So Miss Ormerod begins her article and it is almost as 
true for some parts of Canada. Great stress is laid on the preparation of the land 
before a crop liable to attack. Autumn feeding with sheep and the use of gas- 
lime and salt are highly spoken of. Sir Richard Keene writes “If the lea is 
broken for oats (our general crop) it is sure to be attacked more or less by wire- 
worms; I top-dress with 4 cwt. agricultural salt, 2 ewt. superphosphate and 
sometimes 1 cwt. nitrate of soda. i have never known this to fail if applied in 
time. If the lea is broken in autumn, to have green crops in the following year, 
T have the land worked as much as possible and apply 8 tons hot lime to the 
statute acre ; lime as hot as possible. I always sow the seed with a liberal dress- 
ing of farmyard dung, for such crops as mangold, turnip, cabbage, carrot, and 
parsnip, and I use the following dressing of artificial :—2 ewt. best bone meal, 1 
ewt. nitrate of soda, and 3 ewt. common salt. I find the plants are soon forced 
up beyond the reach of damage. 
Hop Apuis (Phorodon hwmuli).—This is another insect which sometimes 
does enormous injury in Europe, and which has received particular attention from 
both the authoress and Prof. Riley whose studies have supplied important links in 
the life-chain of this insect. The remedies most to be relied on are the treatment 
of plum trees early in the season to destroy the first brood of aphis and after- 
wards “ washing or spraying the hop plants when they are found to be infested. 
Rep Spier (7'etranychus telarius).—This is another of the dire enemies of 
the hop as well as many other plants. Washes containing sulphur or kerosene 
are suggested. 
MANGOLD or BEET FLy (Anthomyia beiw)—The remedy most spoken of is 
high cultivation ; but the benefits of a kerosene emulsion are suggested by the 
experience of one of the correspondents quoted. 
