286 INSECTS. 
several years, hiding under stones or in holes in the mud. 
It then becomes a pupa, and after accomplishing its time, 
rises to the surface, throws off its skin, and flies away, 
bearing the name of dun ; it shortly alights on a tree or 
fence, and sheds its entire skin, withdrawing even its 
delicate wings and minute whisks from their previous 
covering. Its colors in the second stage are usually more 
brilliant, and under the name spinner it enjoys the plea- 
sures of life, perpetuates its species and dies in a few 
hours. "While laying its eggs, it will be noticed either 
resting on the water or floating up and down over it. 
Certain species can swim well under water, and I believe 
descend to the bottom to deposit their eggs. I have had 
numbers alight on my pants when I was wading a rapid 
stream, run down my legs to the bottom, crawl over the 
stones, and with a zig-zag motion swim against the cur- 
rent to the surface. Rocks are frequently seen darkened 
with flies, that on any sudden approach drop into the 
water and disappear. 
The ephemeridm include the blue dun, which becomes 
the red spinner in its final state ; the marsh brown, which 
changes to the great red spinner ; the turkey brown, that 
is transformed into the little dark spinner ; the iron blue 
dun, that becomes the jenny spinner; the green and 
grey drakes, the July and August duns, and many others. 
The phrygarddce comprise the sand and cinnamon flies 
and the grannom or green-tail, besides many undescribed. 
Of the dij>tera, which are distinguished by having but 
two wings, we have the cowdung-fly, the golden dun 
midge, and the black gnat ; of the beetles, the peacock 
and fern flies and marlow buzz ; of the hymenoptera, the 
