322 APPENDIX. 
the Tiuro or black bass of Lake Huron, the lucio perca or pike perch, 
the seranus or groupa, the ceniropristes or sea bass, the grystes or 
black bass, the centrarchus or rock bass — two genera generally con- 
founded — the pomotis or sun-fish, and several others so rare in our 
waters that they are omitted. 
The second family of the spine-rayed order is the triglidce, which 
is similar to the percidce^ except that the cheeks are mailed as it were 
by the suborbitals being greatly extended and articulated with the 
fore gill-cover. It includes the trigla prionotus and dactylopterus 
or gurnard and flying-fish ; the cottus, sculpin or bull-head \ the 
hemitripterus, also known as sculpin ; and the gasterosteus or stickle- 
back ; besides many genera that are rare. 
The third family is the scienidce, which have no teeth in the pala- 
tines or vomer, but have scales on the base of the vertical fins; 
otherwise they resemble the perch family. They comprise the 
leiostomus or Lafayette, the otolUJius or weak-fish, the cormna or 
lake sheepshead and branded drum or red-fish of the South, the 
umbrina or king-fish, the pogonias or salt-water drum. 
The fourth family is the sjmridce, which has no spines or denticu- 
lations on the gill-covers, and no teeth on the palate, but has large 
scales. It includes the sargus or salt-water sheepshead and sand- 
porgee, and the pagrus or common porgee. 
The next family that frequents our waters is the scorribridm^ which 
has no spines or denticulations on the gill-covers, and no scales on 
the vertical fins ; the scales are small. It includes the scomber or 
mackerel proper, the tJiynnus or tunny, the pelamys or bonito, the 
tricMurus or ribbon-fish, the xiphias or sword-fish, the naucrates 
or pilot-fish, the caranx or yellow mackerel, the seriole or rudder- 
fish, the temnodon or blue-fish, the rhombus or harvest-fish. 
The next family is the atherinidm^ represented by the silversides 
or sand-smelts; and the next t\iQ mugiUdce. It has minute teeth, 
entire and large scales extending over the head, and comprises the 
mugil or mullet proper. The next family is the gobidce^ which have 
an elongated body, small scales or none, the spines of the dorsal 
flexible, and the ventrals, when present, before the pectorals, and it 
includes the gunnellus or butter-fish, the zoarces or eel-pout ; and the 
next the lophidm, which usually have no scales, but occasionally 
spiny plates in lieu of them, and have the carpal bones elongated to 
support the pectorals. The lophius proper is the sea-devil or fishing- 
frog, a rapacious creature, well known on our coast by various names, 
and the batrachus, the well-known toad-fish. 
The last of the spine-rayed families is the Idbridce, which have 
fleshy lips covering the jaws, toothless tongue and palate, three 
pharyngeals, two above and one beneath, furnished with teeth, sharp 
or flattened, and an oblong, scaly body. This family comprises the 
ctenolabrus or bergall, otherwise chogset or cunner, and the tautoga^ 
tautog or black-fish. 
