The President’s Address. jal 
the Salisbury volume of the Institute in 1849. He improved 
somewhat upon Sir Richard’s method by measuring the thigh bones 
of some of the skeletons, but without arriving at any results as to 
race or stature. He also roughly measured two skulls of oxen found 
in the tumuli, which was also an advance upon Sir Richard, who 
did no more in the way of describing one or two of those he found 
than by saying that in the opinion of a butcher of his acquaintance 
some of them were the largest of the kind that he had seen. No 
systematic measurements of the bones of animals with a view to 
the comparison of domesticated breeds appears to have been made 
until Professor Rolleston and Professor Boyd Dawkins applied their 
biological knowledge to the inquiry. In my most recent investiga- 
tions into the Romano-British villages near Rushmore, I have en- 
deavoured to improve upon this by establishing, with the approval 
of Professor Moseley, F.R.S., and Dr. Garson, of the Royal College 
of Surgeons, a regular scale of measurements by means of which 
we shall be able, from a single bone or fragment of skull, to 
ascertain approximately the size and some of the peculiarities of 
the domesticated breeds in use by the ancient Britons. But an 
entirely new era in prehistorie archeology was to be inaugurated 
by methods imported from other sciences. Whilst geology was to 
earry us back to periods that had not before been thought of in the 
history of man, anthropology was to teach us how to estimate the 
stature and physical peculiarities of the skeletons found in the 
graves, and ethnology was to enable us to appreciate the social and 
material condition of the aborigines of our country by a comparison 
of their relics with the arts of modern savages. All these branches 
have now become indispensable for the prehistorian. Dr, Thurnam 
was the first to apply anthropology to the elucidation of our Wiltshire 
barrows, and his papers are included amongst the earliest contribu- 
tions to the newly-established Anthropological Society in 1865-7. 
Profiting by the contemporary researches of Professors Thomsen 
and Nilsson in Scandinavia, and those of Canon Greenwell in the 
Yorkshire Wolds, he systematised the results of Sir Richard Hoare’s 
investigations, and separated the tumuli more definitely into those 
of the Stone, Bronze, and [ron Ages, which began -to be finally 
