THE GRAPE-VINE LEAF-HOPPERS. 33 



tive caterpillar can readily be kept in check by the use of 

 Paris green and at a very slight cost. But we can not ex- 

 pect that the o-wner of a few shade trees will go to the ex- 

 pense of buying a spraying outfit, even if this should be much 

 cheaper than it is. It seems to the writer that as the city re- 

 ceives the benefit of having beautiful and shady streets it 

 should also provide for keeping the trees that make them so 

 in a healthy and vigorous condition , free from dust and worms. 

 It "v\^ould be best to place the Park Commission in charge of 

 the trees ornamenting the streets, and let them see to it that 

 they are not defoliated year after year. This need not be an 

 expensive undertaking as the evil can or should be nipped in 

 the bud by pa^-ing proper attention to the trees and their 

 needs. 



THE GRAPE-VINE LEAF-HOPPERS. 



( Typitlocylm spec. ) . 



For a number of years the above insects have been more 

 numerous than usual and have caused considerable annoy- 

 ances and losses, and as they seem to be still on the increase 

 it was considered important to discover methods and means 

 to prevent their mcreasing injuries. Not onh' have our grape- 

 vines suffered very greatly, but the beautiful Virginia creepers, 

 so often utilized to adorn houses in and about the cities, have 

 also been more or less injured by these leaf-hoppers. A glance 

 at fig. 19, plate V, reveals how a grape-vine leaf is disfigured 

 by the numerous insects seen resting on its underside; here are 

 also shown other white objects, the characteristic empty 

 pupal skins. A leaf infested \vnth these insects has a mottled 

 appearance, and in course of time becomes yellow, brown, 

 and eventually drops off. The larger illustrations show a 

 larva, pupa, and two different adults. 



Early in the season the vine-yards in the vicinity of Lake 

 Minnetonka were reported to be suffering again from these 

 insects, and the assistant, Mr. Pettit, made a number of 

 trips to make some experiments. He visited especially the 

 vine-yards of Mr. Reel, at Christmas Lake, who kindly as- 

 sisted him in many ways, and gave him permission to utilize 

 his vines for all and any experimental purposes with the hope 



