34 THE GRAPE-VINE LEAF-HOPPERS. 



of being, perhaps, able to check the ravages of these minute 

 insects. As most persons growing grape-vines know from 

 sad experience how these insects look it is not necessary to 

 describe them in detail ; the illustrations show their general 

 appearance much better than words could express it. 

 Four different species were found, all about the same size and 

 shape, only varying in markings. The most common ones 

 v^ere the two species illustrated, of which one is Typhlocyha 

 vulneata Fitch, and the other one T. coi/tes Say. The former 

 is a reddish-brown insect marked ^nth white lines and dots 

 and also with two prominent black lines at margins of upper 

 wings ; the latter is of a translucent white color prettily 

 marked with red lines and prominent black spots at the tip 

 of wings and two black lines at margin. The younger stages 

 of both are very pale and the insects in that period are almost 

 as active as the adult ones, though lacking, of course, the 

 wings. They will dodge about in a most amusing way, and 

 as they, like the adult ones, jump readily they are not easily 

 captured. Like all insects belonging to this order thej^ are 

 active and take food as soon as born, not passing 

 through an inactive pupal stage like beetles and moths. They 

 take their food by suction, hence the application of such 

 poisons as Paris green or London purple is of no avail, though 

 it will kill, by contact, some of the still ver3' tender and 

 3'ounger specimens, or even adult ones while they are just 

 shedding their skins and are still very soft and unable to 

 clean themselves. The only remedies that promise success 

 are insecticides which kill by contact, as kerosene-emulsions, 

 tobacco-teas and others. The former, to be of any use at all, 

 should be applied very early in the morning, when the in- 

 sects are less active than later in the day. Mr. Pettit tried 

 a number of different insecticides, and his report is given be- 

 low. When he investigated the vines he found that the leaves 

 showed already at that earh' date, (May 20), considerable 

 injury ; they were somewhat withered and curled, appearing 

 scorched and very unhealthy. 



Re])ort of Mr. R. II. Pettit. — During the spring and early 

 summer several trips were made to Christmas Lake, and the 

 following experiments were made 



