SHEEP GAD-FLY. 223 



■wind, and then bend it backward convulsively. From time 

 to time they stagger and are seized with vertigo, but do not 

 turn in a circle. In severer cases there is difficulty of breath- 

 ing, the first respiratory passages being obstructed by the 

 larvae or the inflammation of the mucous membrane. The 

 eyes are red and ^vatery. The disease may be still further 

 complicated. The sick lose appetite and rapidly grow poor; 

 they grate their teeth; a frothy saliva runs from the mouth; 

 their eyes roll in the sockets; convulsions arise and finally 

 death ensues sometimes within six or eight days after the 

 appearance of the first symptoms. 



"But the disease is rarely so fatal; it lasts longer, and 

 the larvae having been successfully cast out, the symptoms 

 gradually become more favorable and by degrees completel3' 

 disappear. 



"This affection has sometimes been mistaken for "gid" 

 or "turn-sick" due to Cwnurus cerebral h, whence the name 

 "false gid" or vertigo of (Estrus, which has been given to it. 

 Confusion will be avoided by recalling that turning in a 

 circle does not take place in the present disease. The latter 

 is nearly always accompanied by nasal discharges and snort- 

 ings, which do not appear in true "gid," and which, besides, 

 show themselves only in young subjects." 



All interested in sheep husbandry should secure a copy of 

 Dr. Cooper Curtice's book, "The Animal Parasites of Sheep." 

 It was published by the Department of Agriculture in 1890, 

 and is a very important document. In it are given a number 

 of preventives, medicinal and surgical treatments, but the 

 final conclusion is a quotation from Neumann, an advice 

 sound to follow except in the case of breeders of valuable 

 sheep. It is: "at all times, if the number of animals affected 

 is considerable, the malady should be left to follow its own 

 course, and those which present the gravest symptoms should 

 be sent to the shambles." 



Still there are a number of preventives and remedies that 

 it is well to mention. Of course it is very doubtful whether 

 remedies can reach larvae hidden in the more remote cavities 

 in the bones of the forehead and beneath the bases of the 

 horns. When the grubs have entered the nostrils many can 



