DIPTERA OF MINNESOTA. . 79 



Where nets or light coverings cannot be used, anointing the 

 horses with repulsive ointments, such as fish oil, or fish oil and tar, 

 would be of benefit. Care should be taken never to use machine oil 

 for this purpose, as the results of its use are disastrous to the hair. 



Tahanus otratus is parasitized by a tiny four-winged fly, known 

 as Phanunis tabanhorous, Ashm. 



Some members of the genus Clirysups (see Fig. 67 and also Plate I) 

 appear to direct their attacks to the region about the eyes and ears 

 of stock. Horses' ears may be protected by nets, or the ears and 

 skin about the eyes may be smeared with the following solution : Pine 

 tar one gallon, kerosene or fish oil, or crude carbolic acid one quart; 

 powdered sulphur two pounds. This mixture, also, applied to wounds 

 made by barbed wire or otherwise, will keep ofif flies which might 

 otherwise lay' their eggs in same. 



P^ig. 68. Tabcmtis reinwardtci. Lugger. 



The larva of one species of Chrysops is said to eat plant lice. 



Species taken in Minnesota are : Chrysops obsolcfus, Wied. ; C. 

 celer, O. S. ; C. aestuans, V. d W. ; C. unknttattts, Macq. ; C. vittatus. 

 Wied ; C. pilaris, O. S. ; Tahanus giganteus, De G. Plate II ; T. 

 atratns, Fab. ; T. reimvardtii. Wied. ; T. lineola, Fab. ; T. lasiophthal- 

 miis, Macq. : T. trispnlis, Wied. ; T. phaenops, O. S. ; T. orion 

 O. S. ; T. ceritron. Mart. ; T. costalis, Wied., Plate I, and T. rhombicns, 

 O. S. ; Sikius qnadrivittatits, Say So. Dak. Pangonia tranquilla, O. 

 S. ; Chrysops sordidus, O. S. 



