lao 



DIPTERA OF MINNESOTA. 



last four or five days. If the stock is inclosed, and a knapsack sprayer 

 used, a large number of cattle may be treated in an hour. The emul- 

 sion is made as follows : Dissolve one-half pound of common hard 

 soap in one gallon of boiling water ; add gradually two gallons of fish 

 oil, churning the liquid through a force pump for several minutes, and 

 when wanted for use dilute by adding 15 or 20 parts of water to one 

 part of stock solution. The Department of Agriculture has recom- 

 mended tar, or the following mixture: Sulphur four ounces, spirits 

 of tar onfe gill, whale oil one quart ; one application each week. 



Fig. 128. Emasculating Bot-fly. Enlarged. Lugger. 



Naturally, housed animals are not so subject to attack, and if 

 animals in the pasture can resort to a shed, to deep shade, or to water, 

 they are much less troubled than those not so protected. Those in 

 charge of milk cows or other cattle kept in barns should be on the 

 lookout at the proper time for'bots along the back or eggs on hairs, 

 and when seen take prompt measures. Co-operation is absolutely 

 essential in this," as in other farm practices, to insvire the best results. 

 In Texas, on the ranges, where the attacks of the ox warble fly are felt 

 very severely, cattle are said to be driven frantic at the approach of 

 the pest, running for the nearest body of water, there to remain for 

 several hours. Animals are frequently mired in this way. This 

 species is said to sometimes, though rarely, attack man, the cattle 

 tender, the odor of whose garments deceives the flies. 



