1)1 I'TI'.RA oK AI1NNI':S()T.\. 



this laUer genus arc first winged, and arc parasitic upon lairds; 



later tlic\- migrate to 'juadruiJcds. and cither cast or hitc otf their 



wings. Ah)st of this pecuHar family, liowi'xcr, li\-c u])on l)irds. 



An\- of the hawks and owls may ]iarl)()r them, though the swallow 



is said to bi' their preference. One in our collection is labeled 



"frc im ( irosl)eak." 



The family is represented in Xorth Amer- 

 ica b\' fort\-six species, flattened blackish or 

 brownish insects, easily recognized from the 

 above description. These flies are viviparous; 

 that is, the egg is hatched within the mother, 

 the maggot passing its entire larval life in 

 her bodv, and is born when it is full grown 

 and read}' for the pupal stage. 



in our collection we have the following 

 Minnesota species^ Mclophagiis 01 inns. Linn.: 

 Ornifhoinvia ai icularia. Tyinn.(on snow-bird ) ; 

 Ornithoctotm crythroccphala. Leach. (on 

 broad-winged hawk); Olfci\'ia aincricana. 



Leach, (from barred owl) ; O. hrnnnca. Oliv. (on night hawk) ; O. 



avdccc. Alacq. (on bittern). 



l-'ig. 160. l-'oot of Horse-lick, 

 Kieatly enlarged. Horace 

 Knight in Ormerod's Report. 



l-ig. Itil. l.ous. tly tvum ("irosheak. Lugger. 



