and their Historic Teachings. 69 



this name to those villas or stations, which, after the Romans left 

 the country, were unoccupied, and so allowed to fall into ruin. The 

 word ceald-hereberga may well mean an exposed and desolate dwell- 

 ing. Possibly some such dwellings were at times roughly repaired, 

 or modified, so as to furnish a temporary shelter for travellers. A 

 retreat of this kind, from its consisting of bare walls, might well be 

 called " Cold-harbour" as a mere shelter against the inclemency of 

 the weather. Such an interpretation at any rate is supported by the 

 circumstance that the name Kalten-Herberg is still borne by some 

 inns in Germany to the present day. 



(III.) And now as to place names given by the English themselves; 

 these are of course numerous enough, and we can mention only a few 

 of them. The original site of the castle, afterwards transferred to 

 Malmesbury, was, according to tradition, at Brokenborough. In 

 Domesday this manor is represented as containing some fifiy hides, 

 (probably from 3000-4000 acres), and embracing, as subordinate 

 manors, what are known now as Corston, Cole- Park, Bremilham, 

 Grittenham, and Sutton Benger. The name can hardly mean other 

 than a " broken-barrow" that is a tumulus which has been " broken " 

 or " dug into ; " so that there were sacrilegious riflers of tombs in the 

 ninth, as well as in the nineteenth century. 



Again Garsdon is simply " gars-dun," that is the grass, or it may 

 be the gorse, hill ; — Stanton, is the stony village ; — Wootton, the 

 village by the wood ;— Somerford denotes a ford passable only in 

 the summer-time; — Rodbourne, in the charters Reod-burne, is the 

 reedy stream ; — Charlton, the part of the manor in which the free 

 labourers, called Ceorlas, dwelt ; — Latton, originally "lade-tun," is, I 

 conceive, the village by the water-course ; — Sherston is the village 

 by "the boundary," or it may be simply the " Shire-stone" marking 

 that boundary, the place itself being on the borders of Gloucestershire. 



Then there are many names which seem to be the record of some 

 old owner, or, it may be, some chieftain, which are of much interest. 



Kempsford is simply " Cynmceres-ford" — a name which is still 

 preserved to us in the Irish title of " Kenmare." 



