6 
Heat the solution of soap and add it boiling hot to the kerosene. 
Churn the mixture by means of a force pump and spray nozzle for five 
or ten minutes. The emulsion, if perfect, forms a cream which thick- 
ens upon cooling and should adhere without oiliness to the surface of 
glass. If the water from the soil is hard or has a large percentage of 
lime add a little lye or bicarbonate of soda, or else use rain-water. 
For use against scale-insects dilute one part of the emulsion with nine 
parts of cold water. For most other insects dilute one part of the 
emulsion with fifteen parts of water. For soft insects like plant-lice 
the dilution may be carried to from 20 to 25 parts of water. 
The milk emulsion is produced by the same methods as the above. 
The resin washes.—These insecticides act by contact, and also, in the 
case of scale-insects, by forming an impervious coating which effec- 
tually smothers the insects treated. These resin washes vary in effi- 
cacy according to the insect treated. Experience has shown that 
the best formula for the red scale (Aspidiotus aurantii Maskell) and its 
yellow variety (A. citrinus Coquillett) is as follows: 
FRG SUEE stare otarcle eae tetas ao are eee ta a aac remeiaiela etite ceteetaters pounds.. 18 
Caustic 'sodai(70 per cent strength) =: 2-22. eee eee cree eee te dos.i-. 945 
ish oulsesaAs.s20 tieees skincare se eecee bee esse eee pints... 24 
Waker bomak@n si mge o.oo cen samen ere semen ome aes eeniee gallons.. 100 
The necessary ingredients are placed in a kettle and a sufficient quan- 
tity of cold water added to cover them. They are then boiled until 
dissolved, being occasionally stirred in the meantime, and after the 
materials are dissolved the boiling should be continued for about an 
hour, and a considerable degree of heat should be employed so as to 
keep the preparation in a brisk state of ebullition, cold water being 
added in small quantities whenever there are indications of the prepa- 
ration boiling over. Too much cold water, however, should not be 
added at one time, or the boiling process will be arrested and thereby 
delayed, but by a little practice the operator will learn how much water 
to add so as to keep the preparation boiling actively. Stirring the 
preparation is quite unnecessary during this stage of the work. When 
boiled sufficiently it will assimilate perfectly with water, and should 
then be diluted with the proper quantity of cold water, adding it 
slowly at first and stirring occasionally during the process. The undi- 
luted preparation is pale yellowish in color, but by the addition of 
water it becomes a very dark brown. Before being sprayed on the 
trees it should be strained through a fine wire sieve, or through a piece 
of Swiss muslin, and this is usually accomplished, when pouring the 
liquid into the spraying tank, by means of a strainer placed over the 
opening through which the preparation is introduced into the tank. 
The preparing of this compound will be greatly accelerated if the 
resin and caustic soda are first pulverized before being placed in the 
boiler, but this is quite a difficult task to perform. Both of these sub- 
stances are put up in large cakes for the wholesale trade, the resin be- 
ing in wooden barrels, each barrel containing a single cake, weighing 
